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Home My WebLink About09/09/2011OFFICE OF THE CITY MANAGER Septembei �� TO: Honorable Mayor and City Co c' FROM: Alan Tandy, City Manager SUBJECT: Generallnformation High Speed Rail News ♦ The Rail Authority responded to staff's concerns over the draft containing detailed information on impacts to East Bakersfield. A letter was sent by my office this week strongly disagreeing v Authority's position. Both letters are enclosed. ♦ The enclosed article from this week's Los Angeles Times paints a � picture of the High Speed Rail project and the potential long ter impacts it could have on the State. ♦ We also learned today that a congressional panel reduced the Railroad Administration (FRA) budget yesterday by $7 billion. To perspective, the Obama Administration had requested $8 bi budgeted for the FRA - much of which was for high speed rail around the country, including California. The article is enclosed. Miscellaneous News • As a reminder, the Safe Neighborhoods Committee meeting will b place out in the community next Thursday, September 15tn gymnasium at the newly opened Friendship House located Cottonwood Rd. • A project that will construct the outside lanes of Ming Avenue � Stine Road and Hughes Lane will begin on Tuesday, Septemk Traffic will be reduced down to one lane in each direction construction. In addition, access to side streets and driveway� Honorable Mayor and City Council General Information September 9, 201 1 Page 2 • Normally, after Labor Day, spray parks open on weekends only the end of September from noon to 7 p.m. With recent high tempE four spray parks will also be open Monday - Friday, 2 p.m. to 7� spray parks are located in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Greystone and Planz Parks. All eight spray parks will continue to be open weekends from noon to 7 p.m. through September. Event Schedule There are public events scheduled for the next week at City facilities: ❖ September l btn: ❖ September 17th: Gnomeo & Juliet Bright House Networks Amphitheatre 7 p.m. Free Alejandro Fernandez Rabobank Arena 7 p.m. Tickets: $45 - � 150 Reports For your information, we enclose the following information: := The Streets Division work schedule for the week beginning Septem and :- The Homeless Prevention and Rapid Rehousing Update AT:rs:ch cc: Department Heads Roberta Gafford, City Clerk _ �;:� � B�� E R. S� I� L� �'lian ianL �� • t:it�� 9a��?er September 7, 201 1 Dan Leavitt Deputy Director, Planning/Environmental California High-Speed Rail Authority 770 L Street, Suite 800 Sacramento, CA 95814 Dear Mr. Leavitt: I am in receipt of your letter of Avgust 31, 201 1 regarding your concerns a recent media stories reporting that the Draft EIS/EIR for the Fresno-Bakersfield Speed Rail segmenf did not discuss potential impacts within the East Baker� area. I would concu* that it is important that citizens with businesses and prope the East Bakersfield area review and provide comments on the EIR. In fact, I� encourage all citizens in the Bakersfield area to do so since this project will im the entire community, not just those along or within the rail footprint. Howe respectfully disagree with your other comments that East Bakersfie(d has i properly evaluated in the EIR. An EIR is supposed to be an informational document fio inform p�blic ag decision makers and the public of significant environmental effects of the prc identify possible ways To minimize those significant effects, and describe reasor alternatives to the project. It should be written in plain English and be arrangE that infiormation can be easily found and understood. The decision to terminafie the study just past the station is illogical. It divide community under two different review processes (and timelines} even thoug impacts across the entire urban area share common elements. It diffuses con since the EIR through East Bakersfield is not anticipated to be available for rE for possibly a year or more. Therefore, the public has no way to compare evaluate impacts west and east of the station. Furthermore, decisions made �f thP st�stion reaardina an alternate selection will predetermine the selection t High Speed Rail Aut September 7, Concerning the levei of analysis for East Bakersfield, the current document incl chapters that discuss specific environmental effects, such as transportatior quality, noise, visual, etc. Within those chapters are sections generally dedicafiE specific rail alternatives. For example, if a person was interested in only Allensworth Bypass Alfiernative, they can find that section within each chapter be able to review the specific environmental issues. However, for East Bakersfield, the Authority poinfis out fhat all of the spE environmental issues are addressed in just one chapter, which is "Socioeconomics, Communities and Environmental Justice". First, by title alonE provides no clue to a reader that all of the environmental impacts in Bakersfield are located in this one chapter. Secondfy, this is inconsistent with hc other environmenta! discussion is assembled. If one were to logically follov� environmental analysis of a specific alignment based on the document's c� format, each chapter would discuss impacts to the entire city, not just the area of the station. To somehow assume, as the Authority notes in fheir letter, that fihe environmental issues for East Bakersfield are addressed elsewhere, is conf and disingenuous. Although it is firue that some information is provided in Chapter 3.12 rega properties east of the station area, the level of detail regarding environm impacts is not at fihe same level contained in other chapters. What may also c further confusion to a reader attempting to be informed about East Baker issues, the EIR references this area as Northeast Bakersfield, which doe� characterize the correct geographic area of the city. Lastly, there ore no detailed maps depicting affected properties or rail alignr beyond Baker Street. The Authority notes impacts to East Bakersfield are disc� but provides no plans such as those provided west of fihe station. This ma impossible for anyone to fully understand the precise impacts to public fac homes and businesses as the rail contin�es east through the urban area. omission severely limits any meaningfu! review of the project in the East Bakei area. Sincerely, � �7 �----- , , �� '� 1 �� f `�n // c,�— f G�% Alan Tandy ;� City Manager ' ��-` ?,�,�r'��_rs: Thomas J. Umberq �-,� . . Lynn Schenk :"i:e +�h�3:�;:� Thamas Richares .,.:� . . �:. Robert 6aiqencrr!; Russell Burns Jim Hartnett Oan Richard Mirhaet Ross+ -- �ALi��Ri�IA High-Speed Rai� Authority August 31, 2011 Mr. Alan Tandy City of Bakersfield 1600 Truxtun Avenue Bakersfield, CA 93301 Dear Mr. Tandy, � �-. �� ,�._ �-� �:t��,.� �a��-fw � Recent media stories inaccurately state that the Draft Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement for the Fresno to Bakersfield high-speed rail segment (FB Draft EIR/EIS) does not discuss the potential impacts of the train project in East Bakersfield. The FB Draft EIR/EIS does cover East Bakersfield. The evaluation is consolidated into Chapter 3, Section 12: Socioeconomics, Communities, and Environmental lustice. t.i.w;;. .,,,. T...rn�.1,n -� � �� We are very concerned that citizens of East Bakersfield could be misled by the inaccurate information in these news stories and that they may therefore not read �O^�rf �I�^ .=�: �S � and comment on the FB Draft EIR/EIS. They may be left unaware of — an may no provide us feedback regarding — the project's potential for environmental impacts in East Bakersfield and the measures proposed to mitigate those impacts. � 'VF=. . ..., . �� '� ��. , (l� Sa - ' #�s�+yi�Y .� " ..`�� -. �:�% For the purpose of the EIR/EIS, East Bakersfield was defined as the community east of the proposed downtown Bakersfield station locations, running approximately three miles from Union Avenue to Oswell Street. As required by state and federal law, the environmental document must address a project with logical termini. For the Fresno to Bakersfield Section, those termini are the northern end of the statior tracks in the city of Fresno and the southern end of the station tracks in the city of Bakersfield, which end at approximately Baker Street. Although most of the East Bakersfield community lies outside of these project limits, it was included in the FE Draft EIR/EIS because decisions made on the alternative station locations will determine the train alignment east of the station to Oswell Street. East Bakersfield is evaluated in the FB Draft EIR/EIS for construction and operation activities that could cause community disruption and division, property acquisition and disproportionate effects to low-income and minority communities. The analysis of community disruption and division considered project effects on transportation, aesthetics and visual resources, noise and vibration, air quality, an� __t_�.. __�, ,.,......;�., .., ��+ R��or�f�A�� (r,aaPC �_12-49 to 3.12-54). Property Page 2 August 31, 2011 electromagnetic fields, public utilities and energy, hazardous materiais and wastes, safety and security, socioeconomics, land use, parks, recreation, and open space, aesthetics and visual resources, and cultural and paleontological resources (pages 3.12-77 to 3.12-82). We strongly encourage citizens of East Bakersfield to review the Draft EIR/EIS document, including the pages referenced above, and provide us their feedback. The formal comment period closes October 13, 2011. The document and detailed instructions for providing comments are available at http://www.cahighspeedrail.�a.gov/draft-eir-f-b.aspx. The document is also available at the Beale Memorial Library branch of the Kern County Library at 701 Truxtun Avenue in Bakersfield. We also invite you to attend a public hearing September 22, 2011, at the same location, at which you will be able to provide oral comment on the FB Draft EIR/EIS. (Written comments also will be accepted.) The hearing will be from 3-8 p.m• Please contact the Fresno to Bakersfield team directly, fresno bakersfield@hsr.ca.gov, if you have questions about the upcoming hearing. Sincerely, `t .: � .i � .� f� J ,,` _ Dan Leavitt Deputy Director, Planning/Environmental California High-Speed Rail Authority Bulk of high-speed rail costs could fall to state - latimes.com http:!'www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-hibt latimes.com/news/locaUla-me-high-specd-20110908,0,6797228. story latimes.com Bulk of high-speed rail costs could fall to state The huge project hinges on a massive infusion of federal funds, but the po backing for that is fading fast. Brown will have to decide whether to start ' it anyway. By Ralph Vartabedian, Los Angeles Times September 8, 2011 As California prepares to commit tens of billions of dollars to an ambitious high-speed rail line from San Francisco to Southern Calilornia, Congress' political will to provide the bulk of the funding is disappcaring, leaving the possibility that the state could end up stuck with a crushing financial burden. State voters havc agrecd to issue more than $9 billion in bonds to build the system, but that's a fraction of the $43 billion projected tab for thc initial phase. And those costs could swell to $65 billion or more, by some estimates. Should federal funds dry up aftcr the scheduled start of construction next year, the state could be left with no more than an unfultilled dream and some tracks in the Central Ualley. advertisement "If the federal governmcnt and private investors are not going to provide funds, and Califor broke, why would it take on an enormous new commitment?" asked Martin Wachs, a Rand transportation expert and former director of UC Berkeley's Institute of '1'ransportation Studi In coming months, C'rov. .lerry Brown will decide whether to issue the bonds to launch the p a time when the nation and state are attempting to control mounting public dcbt that has alr damaged both thcir credit ratings. Bulk of high-speed rail costs could fall to state - latimes.com programs. http:l/ww�v.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-higt� Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Bakersfield), the majority whip whose district would be served by line, said he doubted that any spending mcasure that contains funding for high-speed rail in or anywhere else would pass thc House. "I don't know how anybody can come to the conclusion that the California high-speed rail i: investment in the financial times we are in," McCarthy said. "When California has the defic it has now, hov�� can it cnvision finishing this?" Kep. Jerry Lewis (R-Redlands), California's scnior representative on the I-Iouse Appropriati� Committee, added, "I f-rankly don't see ii. The pressure is on to reduce spending, not increas spending." I,ewis said he docs not believe the rail project evcn ranks as a high priority in the Senate, w: Democratic majority provides a friendlier venue. Democratic backers of bullet trains see them as promoting future economic growth, creatin� improving the environment. Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.), chairwoman of the Senate panel that funds transportation, la: cuts to high-specd rail proposed by House Republicans at a hearing earlier this year. "We are at a pivotal moment in our national transportation policy," Murray said. "But thc re in Congress on budget cuts has created a racc to the bottom that makes it diff'icult to contin investments." "I11e upcoming decisions on the high-speed rail system represent one of the ultimate philoso: clashes in public spending. The sheer sire and scope of the rail system makes it one of the n ambitious programs ever undertaken by a state known for gutsy projects. "111e system would connect the two centers of gavity in California by a 1 UO-foot-wide ribbc where bullet trains would shoot by at 220 mph as often as evcry five minutes, and move pe� Los Angeles to San Francisco in less time than a typical baseball game. In scope and cost, it would eclipse any of the state's dams, office buildings, canals, highway government structures, including the Golden Gate Bridge. Even if there are no cost overruns, it would be twice as expensive as the State Water Projec 1960s-era system that transports northern Sierra water to Southern California. A study this estimated the current cost to replace that system of dams and canals at $18 billion. F3ulk of hibh-speed rail costs could fall to state - latimes.com Sacramento, Riverside and San Diego.) http://www.latimes.com/news/l ocal/la-me-hi�l The state now has the lowest bond rating in the nation, according to siate 1'reasurer Bill Loc Democrat who remains concerned about the rail investment. "I have some worries about thf plan, the cost of construction and operating expenses," Lockyer said. "A lot of those questic been adequately answered." Proponents are arguing for the state to not worry about future funding and launch the rail pi with $6.3 billion the authority can immediately use, $3.5 billion of it from prior federal gran billion from the state bonds approved in 2008. That's enough money to start construction ne an initial 140-mile segment from south of Chowchilla to north of Bakcrsfield. California is r spend the federal money by 2017, meaning construction would have to start in 2012. "I�he decision facing Brown is whether to issue some of the bonds and start building the syst� knowing that the current Republican-controlled House will block future appropriations necc complete the project. Powerful people are pushing Brown to forge ahead. U.S. 1'ransportation Secretary Ray LaHood, a Republican in the Obama administration, has with Brown three times in recent months and urged him to stick with the project, part of a$ administration proposal for passenger rail. The California �-Iigh Spced Rail Authority argucs the project will never get built if the state � have a guaranteed source of funding for the entire system before construction begins. "Building a project of this magnitude will always carry risk," said Roelof van Ark, the authc cxecutive, who noted that high-speed rail systems around the world were built without a trc guarantce. "If you don't get money for one or two years that is not the end of the world," Van Ark said moncy runs out and the system is only partially built, it would leave in place a cornerstone � children or my grandchildren can continue to build to San Francisco or in a southerly direct I,.A." Such a vision may be farsighted, but it doesn't quite fit into modern political reality. Brown appointed two financial experts to the rail authority's board and charged them with conduct examination. A Brown advisor, speaking on condition that he not be identified, said a"stcep crosion in c� in the authority has led io concerns about the project. The authority had planned to issue a business plan in October to support the upcoming bond issue, but that plan may be delayed Brown's review, he said. Bulk of high-speed rail costs could fall to state - latimes.com http:/,'www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-hi�J to do something big like this, you have to live w�ith the fact that there is going to be uncertai future." ralph. vurtahediur��a�lutimes. corn Copyright �O 2011, I.,os Angeles �I"imcs California bullet train fundin� slashed by House panel - latimes.com �o� �� .�1�� i��t�� L.�1. NOW SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA -- THIS JUST IN http://latimesblogs. (atimes.com/lanow/2011 I091 LOCAL California bullet train funding slashed by House panel Sepiem6er 8, 2ot1 � 7:1�) pm � , � =iy. � �.�� rj� • � f � ��?{��/ � / . r � -. � �`f�'mT ,+j�,4 y�; /�J` � 'ti. i .+�.: ;��1_.,� ' � Y . i k- � ' �� .' ' .�' , a �p S�'F�e�#�?7 � t. .� S� i��'. ��, .cy Lw� . ti„�} � �„�"P .�..� li�• 9 . `�J {r.. �. � �/ � F - . . .�. ` F ;.;� .,f �, y ; � . ,. �'' A'�.,,' -- .1^`s..,: � ��!n j: � 3 _. �. �, " , �� ^a ±ec � --r:. `C Y�[� = 7. {lr' f �(� � �+�; ! ' f ` : � u�...," t� �.�� r��;t( 1'1 r ,...�.�,.�� ' § i'� r:, • . � s '�w�1�`'t �"""'-Y. ;� ty�j � . . � �l�i � •- . ��)� _��A --..t_;_ � . <. � _,,r'� : _ ,"�MI� � °» ' , " . . ` � . _ _ • �,,. � �`��` ' ' ' � - . ! , j �� "' �� • _ ��;. � ��~��:.°'`� ��. �' _ � �� i� —� „ �', s =.. . � � �. . -�.* The fortunes of California's high-speed rail project, �vhich ��rould connect Southern California to the Bay Arc;a �+1th a 2zomph train, took a big � Thursday afternoon, �vhen a congressional panel slashed the Federal Railroad Aciministratian budget. 1'he Obama admini.,tration had asked for S� billion for fiscal 2oi2 for high-speed rail projects, including the one in California, as well as othei programs around the country. But thc Housc Appropriations suUcommittec on'Transportation, Housing and Urban Devclopment on Thursday cut the request by ncarly S� t money only to operate Amtrak �nd some smaller programs. House Republican leaders had signaled bcfore the session that thcy would not support an}� rcques�t for additional high-speed rail outlays. They cut spending and argued such projects don't make economic sense. Rep. Ua��id Yrice (l)-N.C.) proposed an amendment to fund the high-speed rail program with S� billion, but it was voted down.'I'he funding bi be approved by thc entirc Appropriations Committce and the full Housc. Thc Senatc has not yct taken up rail funding. 'I'hc C:alifornia l Iigh Spced Rail Aiithority, the srtatc organiaation that is building the system, can use about S6.;; billion in prior federal grants ; from an initiul bond offcring that statc taxpaycrs appro��ed in 2008. 13ut before that step is taken, Gov. Jerry Brow�n must �i��e his appro�al to and prioritize it for tre state treasurer. The available money is a small fraction of the S43 billion estimated cost for just the first phase of the project--and that figure is sui�stantially 1 esKimates of .vhat the first San Franciscato-Anaheim section is likely to cost. Without additional federal funding, California could be at risk of money to complcte the system. A new official cost projection is supposed to bc released next month. In rccent «�eeks, Bro�m has signaled that he �+�ants a comprehensive re�ie�v of the entire project before he agrees to issue the Uoncis. California bullet train funding slashed by House panel - latimes.com a.� t:,?llion ��itEirnit po�:ci; ��Icti�;r:�:ih ,iiat r�ot bc ftill}'r��,tured until Frida�� http://latimesblogs.latimes.corr�lanow/201 l /09i --Ralph Vartabedian Phoio: Shown is an artist's conceptinn oJthe San Jose siop on the Californta high-speed rail system. Credit: Californiu Iligh-Speed Rai/Auth� Btn• C:alifnrnia Jlt�tii Boe��fc .'Uamo Capital specialues in tax- free muniapal bonds. ww�+•.ala mocapital. com :Vnc�in�cs'� ar lsrmontia? Lcarn the important differenccs bcrivicen :11T.kiei.-ncr's & I�mentia. �+�+tiv.J ohnsHopldnsHealthAlerts.com Comments () Terms o( Service � Privacy Policy i�s Angcles Times, 202 �Yes[ ist Street, l.os Angeles, Cali`ornia, 9oot2 � Copyright 2oii A Tribune Web site Page 1 of 2 STREETS DIVISION -- WORK SCHEDULE Week of Sept. 12, 2011 — Sept. 16, 2011 Resurfacinq/Reconstructinq streets in the followinq areas: Sealing streets in the area between Stine Rd & Wible Rd north of Panama Ln Reconstructing Streets in the area North of Harris and West of Wible (CDBG funded area)Resurfacing street in the area between Brundage Ln and 4th St ea: Ave Blade Sealing Panama Ln between Mt. Vista and Stine Blade Sealing in the area north of Brundage between Oak St and "A" St Miscellaneous Streets Division pro�ects: (CDBG funded area) Installing & Repairing curb, gutter & sidewalks in the area east c north of Niles St and preparing streets for resurfacing Video inspection of City owned Sewer & Storm lines to evaluate condition of pipes Installing catch basin, storm line and curb & gutter on 22"d St between "B" St & Elm in resurfacing the street in the area south of 24th and north of 21 St Repairing Curb & Gutters on Ming Ave in preparation for street repairs THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Paqe2of2 STREETS SWEEPING SCHEDULE Monday, Sept. 12, 2011 Between So. "H" St. & Union Avenue — Pacheco Rd. & Hosking Rd. Befinreen Stockdale Hwy. & Truxtun Ave. (ext.) — Coffee Rd & Partridge Ave. Tuesday, Sept. 13, 2011 Between 99 Hwy. & So. "H" St. — Ming Ave. & Panama Ln. Cul-De-Sacs on the north side of Magdelena Ave., west of So. "H" St. Wednesdav, Sept. 14, 2011 City areas between Brundage Ln. & Ming Ave. — So. "H" St. & Union Ave. City areas between Wilson Rd. & Pacheco Rd. — So. "H" St. & Union Ave. Between Casa Loma Dr. & Planz Rd. — Madison Ave. & Cottonwood Dr. Between Planz Rd. & Brook St. — Madison Ave. & Hale St. Thursdav, Sept. 15, 2011 City areas between Stockdale Hwy. & Ming Ave. — Ashe Rd. & Gosford Rd. Between EI Portal/Laurelglen Blvd. & Ashe Rd. — Ming Ave. & So. Halfmoon/Olympia D Between Ashe Rd. & Stine Rd. — Ming Ave. & So. Halfmoon/Edgemount Dr. Between Coffee Rd. & Wilson Rd. (ext.) — White Ln. & So. Halfmoon/Olympia Dr. Fridav, Sept. 16, 2011 Between Stockdale Hwy. & Ming Ave. — Allen Rd. & Old River Rd. Between Old River Rd. & Coffee Rd. — Ming Ave. & Ridge Oak/Westwold Dr. Between Ridge OakMlestwold Dr. & White Ln. — Old River Rd., east to the PG&E ease Between White Ln. & Asperata Dr. — Gosford Rd„ west to the PG&E easement. Between White Ln. & Cederwood Dr. -- Stine Rd. & Wilson Rd. (ext.) • B A K E R S F I E L D Economic and Community Development Department M E M Q R A N D U M September 7, 2 TO: Alan Tandy, City Manager FROM: Rhonda W. Barnhard, Assistant Economic Development Director � SUBJECT: Homeless Prevention and Rapid Rehousing Update Attached is the HPRP Progress Report. Among the highlights: • Our local expenditures remain far ahead of what the program guideline Rules from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban development (F required that 60% of funds be spent by August 18, 2011 and 100% by , 2012. Bakersfield's efforts have far exceeded that, with 87.98% spent August 31. This is an increase of 5°/a over last month's figures. . . Homeless Prevention services have assisted about 2,370 individuals in households. Rapid Rehousing services have assisted about 1550 individuals in 741 households. T T NI T � +� � � � 7 Q � 0 Q. � � � y � i �. O L a a a _ a� > M c� � t � � � a� . U � � (C � � c > N o a � C C .�., � O N � � M d N � � � O � � � � � O � � � � � 2 (a i 0> U C � � m O � 0� y '� l�C C ,� d i�. x W d � 'a � m a� N O a � a � � � cfl � � � � � � � C7 � c0 N N n � � � O O N � � T'^ W c�i � c � � � � ._.. O � � N V � N � _ �` � � � � 'D « Q 'p ' � � � p V RS -p � � p � � cLS � �� o� � Q a� � �� v�a� a�� O N O-j O� N�� cu � ��o•-�n�,�� cn � � .i� � ca c� m � � � C � p � � Q � cn a� a� c�i � 2 a� v� a� a� � a� � � � c Y C 'C � � � � V � O j .0 V �, � � 'p � � � � � � O T � �; � � V/ Q � •(n � O C � U cv u� a� a ._ a� • ��n �nE� • V � ctf � � � N � � 0 — � � U .0 � � i C � C �- � � � � � fl. � � ii > � � .c u�i (4 a� � N a � � .� � c� � > � co ,� L ^ `� c a� . U � � Cf3 � � � � � �> C � � C L � � � � O � T- L � � � � o � � � � M O CD � � � � � C'� O �' � N � � O O N � � 'T^ W t� � � � U � � � '� C � � � « � � � U c0 � cn � � � U � � � � O � •� cB tn L E�' �� aU � " p� Q p c0 -p . O � O •� � _ � � � "' p„ > O � f� � � � � E � � °_ � o� � � � vi N � � � '� Q`n �� c � � � v�i a�i E�a��Y V � � E �. CT .� �C � � � � � C � O c� N a U � cLf O.a '� � � .� � � � � N � � 1r Q � � � � Q � (� 'V �� v�i Y o� � E� 'V i (� . � � � U � � � (SS p � U � � i (6 .. N � � c� (Q U � LL > � "� � � .� � � � � � � o � r N � M � O� N � e- U/i ln I� 1A O N � � O �t N � M � T CM O C�7 � � r T r � V � � � r � O O � � � � t1� O O � N ch 0 ca M � � O O c7 N O N T � O `+ C cn � p) � � X p � � � F� a ai (n � � � O '� � � a � � � O � � � O C _ � Cn .._. o c � a � � � � � � � .� O � O w � N � � -o L "v� � � CO � 'C � U .� � � . O �V > a�i � °� c� � N c�u o � � v, � � :° u, U c� � 'c p c� � '� � � � �� T � � � O � u�i � Q Q a fA Q