Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutSAFEWORK PRACTICE SUMMARY 7-5-2015These safe work practices describe the operations and methods used by Sessions to conduct underground tank entry. Compliance with these practices is required. 1. General Job Hazard Awareness 2. Confined Space Operations 3. Tank Isolation Measures (Lockout/Tagout) 4. Extraction Device 5. Electrical Operations & Hazards 6. Ergonomics, Safe Lifting & Carrying 7. Noisy Environments 8. Tools -- Hand or Power 9. Using Personal Protective Equipment 10 Respiratory Protection 11. Heat Stress 12. Ladders 13. Welding Operations 14. Hazard Communication & Chemical Safety Workplace hazards can be generally classified as follows: • Electrical • Uncontrolled energy (mechanical, • Hazardous Materials pneumatic, hydraulic) • Air contaminants Vehicle related • Noise Ergonomic (body position, lifting) • Tools and Equipment • Confined Space • Heights (ladders, scaffolding, other) • Excavation • Emergency (fire, medical, hazmat • Walking Working Surfaces These and/or other hazards which may be encountered during underground fuel tank operations or jobsites must be identified, understood and controlled to maintain employee health and safety. Workers should be instructed or trained on anticipated job hazards and appropriate safe work practices. SAFE WORK PROCEDURE��= - 1. Employees must be instructed or trained on job hazards and safety measures. 2. Maintain good personal hygiene - wash hands before eating. 3. Only qualified employees should operate equipment. 4. New or inexperienced employees should be given operational and safety instructions before starting work and have periodic supervision to ensure proper safe work practices are followed. 5. Wear safety glasses to protect eyes when conducting operations which involve striking objects or exposure to projectiles. 6. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment for the operation being conducted. 7. No smoking is allowed on the jobsite (with the perimeter). 8. Do not put electrical cords through unprotected doorways or windows or allow cords to be damaged by vehicle or foot traffic. 9. Maintain aisles and exit ways. 10. Do not use broken or defective equipment. Remove such equipment from service and mark -- "Do Not Use." 11. Make sure that everyone understands the work to be conducted and how to do it safely. 12. For any questions — ask your Supervisor. It is better to ask a seemingly silly question than it is to incur a dumb accident. Confined spaces are inherently dangerous. Safe entry into confined spaces can be made, but only if proper procedures are followed. A confined space is a space that: 1) has limited access, 2) does not normally have human occupancy, and 3) is so configured that a person could enter and work. Underground tanks meet this definition. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. Employees must be trained on confined space hazard awareness and procedures before being allowed to work in or around confined spaces. 2. Before entering a confined space, it must be classified using the confined space entry permit. The confined space entry permit must be completed prior to entry. 3. Confined space atmospheres must be tested and ventilated prior to entry. 4. There are site- specific procedures which are dependent on the particular confined space. Each confined space entry will have an entry Supervisor who will ensure that the confined space is adequately evaluated and controlled. Maintenance and repair operations to machinery and electrical systems and equipment can lead to serious injuries if the energy of the equipment is not controlled. Energy sources can include: mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic energy or a combination of energy types. Determining and controlling potential hazardous energy is important to prevent injuries to maintenance workers. The following describes general procedures for preventing hazardous energy exposure by implementing iockout/tagout procedures. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. Notify person who will be affected by the lockoutftagout procedure that the equipment will be unavailable due to your maintenance activities. Ask them to explain any problems or issues with the equipment in order to determine what needs to be done. Users of equipment are often good sources of information on identifying energy sources and shut down procedures. 2. Shut down the equipment or system by normal means. I Locate and de- activate all energy, sources. Note that some equipment may have multiple energy sources (e.g., electrical and pneumatic) which need to be controlled. 4. Affix lockout device to machine (designated lock) and attempt to start machine or activate electrical device. Each worker should affix has own lockout to the equipment. Equipment should not start if energy has been shut off. Also affix tag at or near the lockout. The tag will state who is working on the machine and for how long. 6. For electrical systems or equipment, use testing meter to check for electricity. Never assume that shutting a circuit has stopped the flow of electricity — always check. For fuel tanks, the electrical box should be labeled dispenser or turbine. Switch these breaker switches to "off." Affix locks and tags. Use electrical tester at wire to be disconnected (usually in the sump). Testing is important since the wrong breaker could have been shut off unknowing. 6. Pipes coming into or out of the tank also need to be isolated. The pipes should be isolated from ground level (entry into tank not needed) if possible. However, typically, entry into the tank will be necessary to isolate (plug the pipes. Such entry is made using confined space procedures and is conducted before other operations are allowed to proceed. 7. After maintenance is completed, inspect to ensure that all tools and materials have been removed from the equipment. Remove lockout/tagout devices and re- energize equipment. 8. The trailer is equipped with a lockout box which contains lockout locks, and tags and devices used to conduct lockout tagout operations. As part of normal permit- required confined space operations for top entry confined spaces, an extraction device (also called a tripod) will be used. An extraction device is not required for non - permit or alternate - procedures confined spaces. Deviation from this procedure requires approval from supervisor or safety consultant. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. The emergency retrieval system includes the following elements • Extraction device (tripod) with retractable lifeline • Full -body harness with D -ring (D -ring located in back, roughly between shoulder blades) • Attendant 2. Extraction device use related elements: • A confined space entry permit must be completed before entry is conducted • Confined space must be ventilated before and during confined space entry operations • Confined space atmospheres must be monitored and found to be acceptable and maintained to allow confined space entry • A permit - required confined space requires a constant attendant (safety watch) 3. Extraction device use requirements: • Inspect extraction device prior to set -up Legs and top member are in good condition (not deformed or cracked) Crank and lifeline are in good operating condition (to conduct lifeline test, pull out 10 feet of lifeline and retract with resistance on lifeline) - Hardware is in place good condition (leg pins, bolts & nuts, eyehooks & snaphooks) - Legs are adequately braced (chains or cross members) • Extraction device is set -up on stable surface • Adjust height and legs (height of top member should be about 5 feet or more) • Adjust bracing (chains or cross members) to ensure stability • Lifeline should be attached to harness D -ring prior to worker entering confined space • The confined space entrant will need sufficient mobility inside the confined space - pull out sufficient lifeline to allow free movement about the space • A ladder should be used for normal entry and exiting of confined space - extraction device will be used for emergencies • All workers who may use extraction device (entrants /attendants /rescuers) should be familiar with its operation - initial instruction and demonstration required • Extraction device is only to be used for potential worker extraction -- not for hoisting of equipment or other items Electricity and electrical devices are a common part of everyday life. When electrical equipment, cords and wiring are maintained and used appropriately, there are rarely any problems. However, electricity can cause serious or fatal injuries if safe work practices are not followed. Below are general safe work practices for electricity. 11 2. 0 4. S. 6. 7. 8. Q SAFE WORK PROCEDURES Only experienced and qualified workers should work on electrical equipment and systems. Defective electrical equipment should be removed from service and tagged "Do Not Use." All electrical equipment and circuits should be assumed to be "live" unless tested and found to be de- energized. Electrical circuits should be locked- out/tagged -out before being worked on. Electrical extension cords should not be run unprotected through doors or windows. Ground fault circuits interrupters (GFCls) should be used in wet environments. Blind reaching into a wall cavity or other unobservable location is not permitted. Extension cord or other electrical cords should not be used if frayed or otherwise damaged or if missing the grounding prong. Extension cords should not be used in place of permanent wiring. The effects of noise depend on the duration and the intensity. Noise is a recognized hazard associated with loss of hearing. Prevention is key — once noise - induced hearing loss occurs — it cannot be treated or corrected. Though the perception of noise is somewhat subjective, if one has to shout to communicate to someone standing at arm's length — this is probably an excessive noise exposure if it were of long duration. The following describes safe work practices for noisy work locations. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES I. Job operations which subject workers to high levels of noise should be identified and evaluated to determine if workers there is an excessive noise exposure. Working near the compressor or near the ventilation eductor for extended periods, when they are in operation requires use of hearing protectors. 2. Hearing protectors should be made available for workers who are exposed to noise above 85 decibels. 3. Hearing protectors are available on the job site. KEY SAFETY RULES • :- Avoid Point -of- Operation Hazard ❖ Use Material Push Tools •:- Maintain Safety Guards • :- Follow Lockout Procedures for Jams or Repairs •:- Avoid Power Transmission Hazard ❖ Keep Area Cleaned of Waste or Debris -:• Maintain Proper Body Position • :- Look Out for Others - :- Stay Focused on Operation ❖ For Any Questions -- Ask Supervisor SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. Wear eye protection when using tools for impact operations or for projectile hazards. 2. Always use the proper tool for the job and use the tool as designed. 3. Keep tools in good condition. Tools that are defective (worn or broken) should be returned to Supervisor for repair or replacement. 4. When using any hand power tool (e.g., drill) check parts to ensure that they are placed correctly in the fixture or holder. S. When using a wrench, always position it so that if it slips or breaks free you will not be injured. 6. Chisels, screwdrivers and pointed tools should never be carried edge or point up in a tool box, a cart or in a carrying belt. 7. Keep tools in a safe place. Return tools to proper storage location when you are finished using tool. 8. Files should be equipped with handles and not be used to punch or pry. 9. Do not substitute one tool for another (i.e., a screwdriver as a chisel or a pipe wrench as a regular wrench). 10. Power tools should not be lifted or lowered by means of the power cord. 11. Tools should be handed from one worker to another - never thrown. 12. Keep work area clean. Cluttered areas and benches invite injuries. 13. Consider work area environment. Do not expose power tools to rain. Do not use power tools in damp or wet locations. Keep work area well lit. 14. Do not abuse cord, never carry tool by cord or yank it to disconnect from receptacle. Keep cord away from heat, oil and sharp edges. Electric cords should not be exposed to damage from doors or windows or vehicles. 15. Avoid unintentional starting. Do not carry plugged -in tool with finger on switch. Be sure switch is oft' when plugging in. 16. Do not operate portable electric tools near flammable liquids or in gaseous or explosive atmospheres. Motors in these tools normally spark, and the sparks could ignite flammable vapors. Personal protective equipment is used in conjunction with engineering controls (e.g., ventilation units) and administrative controls (e.g., safe work practices). PPE is not to be used without first considering if the hazard could be adequately controlled by using engineering or administrative controls. Voluntary use of PPE, i.e., using PPE when its use may not be absolutely necessary, is allowed and in some cases encouraged. The following provides a general guideline for PPE use. Recognize that PPE use is based on the particular hazards and conditions of a given operation and may need to be modified to suit the situation. PPE to be worn should be discussed prior to starting the job, e.g., in the (Pre) Job Safety Meeting. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PPE TYPE RECOMMENDED WHEN Stout Gloves For mechanical or sharp hazards. leather or cotton) Gloves are not to be worn around moving machinery. Impervious Gloves Plastic or Rubber: For wet or chemical hazards or biologic hazards. (elastomeric or Note some employees may be allergic to latex. Have alternate type of plastic) love available for latex allergic employees. Ear plugs or ear For extended periods in noisy environments. If you will be in a area for muffs more than a few minutes where you have to shout to talk to someone standing at arm's length, you probably need to use hearing protectors. Body Protection Dust or splash suit. Flame resistant outer garment should be used for entry into tanks. Foot protection Sturdy foot wear is all that is typically needed. For wet environments rubber boots are indicated. For heavy demolition, steel toed shoes are indicated. Hard Hat When objects could strike head, such as overhead work or around heavy construction equipment. Eye Protection When using striking tools, tools that generate flying dust or projectiles, or any other time the eyes could be affected or injured. Respiratory protection is used in conjunction with engineering controls (e.g., ventilation units) and administrative controls (e.g., safe work practices). PPE is not to be used without first considering if the hazard could be adequately controlled by using engineering or administrative controls. Voluntary use of PPE, i.e., using PPE when its use may not be absolutely necessary, is allowed and in some cases encouraged. The following provides a general guideline for respirator use. Recognize that respirator use is based on the particular hazards and conditions of a given operation and may need to be modified to suit the situation. Respirators to be worn should be discussed prior to starting the job, e.g., in the (Pre) Job Safety Meeting. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION III II - RECOMMENDED WHEN N -95 Respirator For exposure to dust. If chemicals are being used or fuels may be present, it is probably more appropriate to use a % or full face respirator with particulate cartridges in conjunction with other filtering media, e.g., P -100 cartridges with nuisance acid gas or organic vapor cartridges. % or full face Determine what inhalation exposure could be and consult respiratory respirator with protection selection guide. Respirator use requires training, medical particulate & clearance, fit- testing and Supervisor approval. chemical cartridges Supplied -Air Airlines are used for initial tank entry and other entries into tanks when Respirator (Airline) the classification is permit- required confined space. Airlines receive air from the air compressor on the trailer which is an oil less. The air line from the respirator mask is to be connected to the filtering device — not directly to the compressor; the filtering device is connected to the compressor. Airline respirator use requires training, medical clearance, fit-testing and Supervisor approval. f HEAT STRESS SWP #11 Date: 7 -15 -15 Heat stress can be a life- threatening condition if ignored. Awareness and prevention are key in avoiding heat - related illness. The following summarizes steps to prevent heat - related illness. SAFE WORD PROCEDURES 1. Heat stress is a condition caused by environmental factors (air temperature, radiant heat [sunshine], humidity), work factors (duration and intensity of work) and clothing worn. As air temperature, sun exposure and humidity increase, the amount of work which can be conducted decreases. 2. The key factor if preventing heat - related illness is maintaining hydration (drinking plenty of water). Water should be made immediately available to workers potentially subject to heat stress. 3. In addition to hydration, workers will need rest for strenuous activities preferably in a cool location. The amount of rest versus work depends on environmental factors, work intensity and personal factors. Overweight or otherwise out of shape workers will be less heat - tolerant than fit workers. Workers in heat - stress environments should be allowed to self - regulate the amount of rest needed. 4. Workers potentially subject to heat - stress should be informed on the progressive nature of heat - related illness. In early stages of heat stress, workers may experience heat rash and significant perspiration. The next stage of heat stress is heat exhaustion at which the worker feels fatigued and perhaps nauseous and has maximum perspiration. At this stage, an employee should not be permitted to continue working. Continuing to work and not resting and hydrating can lead to heat stroke. At the stage, the skin of the worker is hot and dry to the touch. This is a serious medical condition which can lead to death if prompt medical attention is not initiated Whenever a Ladder is used, the risk of incident and injury is increased versus the same operation being conducted from the ground. Still, ladders can be used safely if attention is kept on the safe work practices of using a ladder and the ladder is selected and maintained in accordance with manufacturer instructions. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. Set base on firm level surface. Do not place on unstable, loose, or slippery surfaces. 2. Do not place in front of unprotected doors. 3. Secure base section before raising ladder to upright position. Do not raise or lower with 4. Erect ladder with at least 3 feet extending above the point of support. 5. The ladder should be so placed as to prevent slipping or it should be attended and held securely by attendant when a worker ascends or descends. 6. Face ladder when climbing up or down. Use 3 point system - have two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand on ladder at all times. 7. Keep body centered between side rails. Do not overreach. Get down and move ladder as needed. 8. Avoid pushing off to side of ladder. Do not "walk" or "shift'' ladder while on it. .0 SWP#13 Date: 7-15-15 The primary welding hazards are fire, electric shock and air contaminants created from the welding process. This welding safety guideline summary lists key welding safe work practices. SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 1. The electrode and workpiece or ground circuits are electrically "hot" when the welding machine is on. Do not touch these "hot' parts with your bare skin or wet clothing. Wear dry, hole-free gloves to insulate hands. 2. Make sure that the metal to be welded is grounded. 3. Insulate yourself from the workpiece and ground using dry insulation. 4. Maintain the electrode holder, work clamp, welding cable and welding machine in good, safe operating condition. Replace damaged insulation. 5. Shielding gases used for arc welding can displace oxygen. Arc weld only in well ventilated areas. 6. Wear goggles or welders helmet with proper shade rating to prevent eye injury to due to intense light and ultraviolet radiation. 7. Do not touch hot surfaces. Allow parts to cool before handling or wear leather or insulated gloves. 8. Wear leather apron or other flame resistant body protection, as needed. 9. Conduct welding only in designated area or use "Hot-Work Permit." 10. Remove or protect combustibles which are present in the welding area. A fire watch is required if combustible cannot be adequately and completely protected. 11. Materials to be welded should be clean of oil, cleaning solvents, coatings including paint or other materials which could cause smoking. Remove back to at least four inches on each side, coatings or other material before conducting welding. 12. Fire extinguishing equipment should be immediately available. 13. Welding operations can produce toxic fumes and other air contaminants. Use local ventilation to remove welding fumes and smoke. 14. Cylinders should be stored upright and chained to prevent failing. Caps should be in place for cylinders not in use. 15. Store oxygen and fuel gas cylinders at least 20 feet apart. Storing a set of in-use cylinders together is permitted. 16. Cylinders should be stored upright and chained to prevent failing. Caps should be in place for cylinders not in use. 17. Use the correct regulator for the gas being used. Make sure that the regulator is clean and free of oil or grease. 18. Cylinder contents will not be used without regulators in place (note: before regulator is connected to cylinder, the cylinder valve should be opened slightly and immediately shut (cracked) to remove any dust from the valve). 19. Turn off and bleed cylinders upon completing welding task or leaving cylinders unattended. Hazardous materials are safety used everyday. For safe use, users of hazardous materials must understand the hazards of the materials they use and how to use them safely. The following summarizes key points for safe chemical usage. im 2. 3. 5. C SAFE WORK PROCEDURES Hazardous materials can be broadly classified as having the following properties or characteristics: • Flammable • Toxic • Reactive • Corrosive Users of hazardous materials are required to be trained on the hazards of materials that they work with. Consult material safety data sheet (MSDS) for information on hazards and controls. Labels which identify name of material and associated hazard will be maintained on all containers which contain hazardous materials. Use personal protective equipment (e.g., safety glasses, gloves) as necessary. Respirator use requires training, fit- testing and Supervisor approval. Hazardous materials users will follow safe work practices: • Avoid inhalation Make sure that work area is adequately ventilated. • Avoid inadvertent ingestion Wash hands before eating or drinking. Keep food out of work area. • Avoid skin contact Wash hands or affected area, if skin becomes exposed. Material Safety Data Sheets will be maintained on -site (contained in the safety manual). Workers will be trained on the hazards of the hazardous materials they work with or may encounter, e.g., gasoline and diesel fuel.