HomeMy WebLinkAboutBUSINESS PLAN 7/23/2003 Hazardous Materials/Hazardous 'Waste Unified Permit
.~ CONDITIONS OF PERMIT ON REVERSE SIDE
· [] Hazardous Materials Plan
[3 Underground Storage of HazardOus Materials
Permit ID #:: 015-000-001819 ~ RiskManagem~tPro~mm
· :': BOYD & BOYD D Hazardous WasteOn-Site Treatment
":' LOCATION: 3500 CHESTER AVE
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SER VICES' - ' '~'
Issue Date
Bakersfield, CA 93301 ' OfficeofEvironme~flServices ~
Voice (661) 326-3979 ' '~
'FAX (661)326-0576 , Expiration Date: , June 30. 2003
Hazardous Materials/Hazardous Waste Unified Permit
CONDITIONS OF PERMIT ON REVERSE SIDE
This permit is issued for the following.
.... ?:~,- Materials Plan
PERMIT ID# 015-021~)01819 .... ?~.,, 'round Storage of Hazardous Materials
~agement Program
BOYD & BOYD Waste
ii?i.
LOCATION 3500 CHESTER
-~: ............
Issu~ by:
B~ersfield Fire Depa~ment
1715 Chewer Ave., 3rd Floor
B~ersfiel~ CA 93301
Voice (805) }26-3979
F~ (805) 326~576 Expiration Date: ~ne ~20~0
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 0154021-001819
Manager : ~ ~ BusPhone: (661) 631-8400
Location: 3500 CHESTER AVE Map : 103 CommHaz : Moderate
City : BAKERSFIELD Grid: 19A FacUnits: 1 AOV:
CommCode: BAKERSFIELD STATION 04 SIC Code:
EPA Numb: DunnBrad:77-018-9021
Emergency Contact / Title Emergency Contact / Title
JERRY BOYD / OWNER ED BOYD / OWNER
Business Phone: (661) 631-8400x Business Phone: (661) 631-8400x
24-Hour Phone : (661) 397-8323x 24-Hour Phone : (661) 399-4913x
Pager Phone : ( ) - x Pager Phone : ( ) - x
Hazmat Hazards: Fire Press ImmHlth DelHlth
Contact : Phone: (661) 631-8400x
MailAddr: 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
City : BAKERSFIELD Zip : 93301
Owner JERRY BOYD & ED BOYD Phone: (661) 397-8323x
Address-: 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
City : BAKERSFIELD Zip : 93301
Period : to TotalASTs: = Gal
Preparer: TotalUSTs: = Gal
Certif'd: RSs: No
ParcelNo:
Emergency Directives:
I, ""~r~'~ ~.~'(,,-~ Do hereby certify that I have
,ri'~,pe or prin! na,me~
reviewed the a~',c~,d hazardo~,l~, mmerials manage-
ment plan for~ '(- ~~3nd that it along with
any corrections constitute a complefe and correct man°
agement plan for my ~acili~y.
,%2..
S~gn~tture Date
-1- 07/15/2003
+'~BUiD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
Manager : BusPhone: (661) 631-8400
Location: 3500 CHESTER AVE Map : 103 CommHaz : Moderate
City : BAKERSFIELD Grid: 19A FacUnits: 1 AOV:
CommCode: BAKERSFIELD STATION 04 SIC Code:
EPA Numb: DunnBrad:77-018-9021
+=
Emergency Contact / Title Emergency Contact / Title
JERRY BOYD / OWNER ED BOYD / OWNER
Business Phone: (661) 631-8400x Business Phone: (661) 631-8400x
24-Hour Phone : (661) 397-8323x 24-Hour Phone : (661) 399-4913x
Pager Phone : ( ) - x Pager Phone : ( ) - x
I Hazmat Hazards: Fire Press ImmHlth DelHlth
Ic~nt~c~--~: .............. Phone: (661) 631-8400x
MailAddr: 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
City : BAKERSFIELD Zip : 93301
Owner JERRY BOYD & ED BOYD Phone: (661) 397-8323x
Address : 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
City : BAKERSFIELD Zip : 93301
Period : to TotalASTs: = Gal
Preparer: TotalUSTs: = Gal
Certif'd: RSs: No
+ ..............................................................................
Emergency Directives:
+= Hazmat Inventory - One Unified List +
+== Alphabetical Order Ail Materials at Site +
................................ + ....... + ........... + ..... + .......... + .... +- - -+
Hazmat Common Name... ISpooHazlEPA HazardsI Frm I DailyMax IUnitlMCPI
................................ + ....... + ........... + ..... + .......... + .... +- - -+
ACETYLENE E F P IH G 843.00 FT3 Hi
CARBON DIOXIDE .... F P ~IH G 155.00 FT3 Min
OXYGEN F IH DH G 465.00 FT3 Low
I, .Tu~v f~ ~f/~ Do hereby
reviewed ihs aff~hed h~a~ous materials manage~
ment plan for ~Vb~ ~ev~ ~b and ~ha~ i~ alo~ with
(Na~ of ~)
any corre~ions consti~e a ~mpl~te and co~e~ man-
agement plan for my ~acili~.
03/21/2002
~BO~b & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819 +
4 Fast Format +
+= Training Overall Site +
+== Employge Training : 10/24/1997 +
WE HAVE~--EMPLOYEES AT THIS FACILITY.
WE DO HAVE MSDS SHEETS ON FILE AT THIS FACILITY.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF TRAINING PROGRAM: SAFETY TRAINING ON HANDELING TANKS AND
TOOLS.
.... Page 2
+ .... Held for Future Use
Held for Future Use ~
+ ~
7 03/21/2002
BOYD & BOYD '/" SiteID: 015-021-001819
Manager : <// BusPhone: (805) 631-8400
Location: 3500 CHESTER AVE ~/ Map : 103 CommHaz : Moderate
City : BAKERSFIELD Grid: 19A FacUnits: 1 AOV:
CommCode: BAKERSFIELD STATION 04 SIC Code:
EPA Numb: DunnBrad:77-018-9021
Emergency Contact / Title Emergency Contact / Title
JERRY BOYD / ED BOYD /
Business Phone: (805) 631-8400x Business Phone: (805) 631-8400x
24-Hour Phone : (805) 397-8323x 24-Hour Phone : (805) 399'-4913x
Pager Phone : ( ) - x Pager Phone : ( ) - x--
Hazmat Hazards: ..... F-i-r-e--P-r-ess- ImmHlth DelHlth
Contact : Phone: (805) 631-8400x
MailAddr: 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
City : BAKERSFIELD Zip : 93301
Owner JERRY BOYD & ED BOYD ~_ ~C~v~) Phone: (805) 397-8323x
Address : 3500 CHESTER AVE State: CA
city : BAKERSFIELD 0 Zip : 93301
period : to ~Vl~O~!'cuUU TotalASTs: = Gal
Preparer: ,..-9~WC~S TotalUSTs :. = Gal
Certif' d: RSs: No
Emergency Directives:
---- Hazmat Inventory ' One Unified List
--As Designated Order All Materials at Site
Hazmat Common Name... ISpecHaz EPA HazardsI Frm DailyMax IUnitlMcP
ACETYLENE F P IH G 843.00 FT3 Hi
OXYGEN F IH DH G 465.00 FT3 Low
.... C~RB'ON.~DIOXIDE ....... --F P IH ~.~ _G 155.00 FT3 Min
· J~Ue ~'L(~J/~-I/ZD Do hereby cer~i~ ~hat ~ have
- 13 ¥1~' o~'prin t flails) --
re~ie~ed ~he atJached hazardous mmerials manage-
rnen~
plan
~°~and~ that it along with
any corrections constitute a complete and correct man-
agemen~ plan for my facility.
-1- 09~05~2000
~ BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
~ Inventory Item 0001 Facility Unit: Fixed Containers at Site
~iv~vl~ ~vi~ / ~ ~ ~vl~
ACETYLENE Days On Site
365
Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
E WALL CAS#
74-86-2
F STATE -- TYPE PRESS~E { TEMPE~T~E CONTAINER TYPE
Gas Pure ~ove A~ient A~ient PORT. PRESS. CYLI~ER
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Largest Container I Daily Maximum Daily Average
FT3I 843.00 FT3 562.00 FT3
I ~ZARD_O_US_COMP_ONEN~S.--____ 11
%Wt. RS CAS#
· 100.00 Acetylene Yes 74862
HAZED ASSESSMENTS
{'.TSoorot ~S Bi°Hazl Radioactive/Am°unt J EPA HazardsNo N No No/ Curies F P IH NFPA/// USDOT# MCPHi
----- Inventory Item 0002 Facility Unit: Fixed Containers at Site
%..,'l.21v//vlUJ.%/ l%/.~..l./Vl{"; / ~,.,'l-l~.,lVl.L l..:Z,-.~._b ~.%/_-'-.livl~.,
OXYGEN Days On Site
365
Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
E WALL CAS#
7782-44-7
F STATE i TYPE PRESSURE ~ TEMPERATURE CONTAINER TYPE
Gas Pure Above Ambient Ambient PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
{
Largest Container ! Daily Maximum Daily Average
210.00 FT3L 465.00 FT3 210.00 FT3
- - HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
%Wt. RN~oRS- CAS#
100.00 Oxygen, Compressed 7782447
HAZARD ASSESSMENTS
TSecretI oRSIBioHaz Radioactive/Amount I EPA HazardsI NFPA USDOT# MCP
No N No No/ Curies F' IH DH / / / Low
-2- 09/05/2000
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
~ Inventory Item 0003 Facility Unit: Fixed Containers at Site
CARBON DIOXIDE Days On Site
365
Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
E WALL 'CAS#
124-38-9
Gas Pure Above Ambient Ambient PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Largest Container ! Daily Maximum Daily Average
155.00 FT3L 155.00 FT3 155.00 FT3
~_HA~A~OUS__C_OMP_ONENTS
100.00 Carbon Dioxide N 124389
HAZARD ASSESSMENTS
TSecret ~SlBioHaz Radioactive/Amount EPAHazards NFPA USDOT~IMCP
No N No No/ Curies F P IH / / / Min
-3- 09/05/2000
f BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
Fast Format
= Notif./Evacuation/Medical Overall Site
--Agency Notification 10/24/1997
CALL 911.
-- Employee Notif./Evacuatlon 10/24/1997
TELL EMPLOYEES.
Public Notif./Evacuation 10/24/1997
NONE.
Emergency Medical Plan 10/24/1997
CALL 911 AND CALL ~~J%. Business Health Network 327-3781
-4- 09/05/2000
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
Fast Format
~ Mitigation/Prevent/Abatemt Overall Site
-- Release Prevention 10/24/1997
ALWAYS CHAIN TANKS THAT ARE NOT IN CARRIER, ALWAYS PUT SAFETY CAPS ON TANKS
IF NOT IN CARRIER AND NEVER CLEAN WITH OILY RAGS.
Release Containment 10/24/1997
N/A
-- Clean Up 10/24/1997
N/A ..........
Other Resource Activation
-5- 09/05/2000
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 015-021-001819
Fast Format
Site Emergency Factors Overall Site
Special Hazards
-- Utility Shut-Offs 10/24/1997
A) GAS - AT TANKS (SMALL) NO NATURAL GAS
B) ELECTRICAL - MIDDLE OF SOUTH WALL
C) WATER - MIDDLE OF S WALL OUTSIDE
D) SPECIAL - NONE
E) LOCK BOX - NO
-- Fire Protec./Avail. Water 10J2__4J~_93 :
PRIVATE FIRE PROTECTION - EXTINGUISHERS IN THE MIDDLE OF BLDG ON THE N END
OF SHELVES.
NEAREST FIRE HYDRANT -
Building Occupancy Level
6 09/05/2000
Boyd & Boyd Ind.
Packaging Systems & Equipment Engineers
3500 Chester Ave.
Bakersfield, CA. 93301
(661) 631-8400
(661) 631-8454 fax
Written Hazard
Communication Program
Introduction:
Boyd & Boyd, Has developed a Hazard Communication Program to enhance our
employees' health and safety.
As a company we intend to provide information about chemical hazards and other
hazardous substances, and the control of hazards via our comprehensive Hazard
Communication Program which includes container labeling, Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) and training.
The following program outlines how we will accomplish this objective.
1. Container Labeling
It is the policy of this company that no container of hazardous substances will be released
for use until the following label information is verified:
· Containers are clearly labeled as to the contents.
· Appropriate hazard warnings are noted.
· The name and address of the manufacturer are listed.
This responsibility has been assigned to Terri Garcia. To further ensure that employees
are aware of the hazards of materials used in their work areas, it is our policy to label all
secondary containers.
2. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Copies of MSDS for all hazardous substances to which employees of this company may
be exposed are kept in the office and outside by the bulletin board. Terri Garcia will be
responsible for obtaining and maintaining the data sheet system for the company.
Terri Garcia will review incoming data sheets for new and significant health/safety
information. She will see that any new information is passed on to the affected
.......... emlSlo~ees' - ................................
Terri Garcia will review MSDS for completeness. If an MSDS is missing or obviously
incomplete, a new MSDS will be requested from the manufacturer. Cal/OSHA will be
notified if a complete MSDS is not received.
MSDS are available to all employees in their work area for review during each work
shift. IfMSDS are not available or new hazardous substance(s) in use do not have
MSDS, please contact Terri Garcia immediately.
3. Employee Information and Training
Employees are to attend a safety orientation set up by Terri Garcia, prior to starting
work for information and training on the following:
1. Inform employees on any operations in their work area where hazardous substances
are present.
2. Location and availability of the written hazard communications program.
3. Physical and health effects of the hazardous substances.
4. Methods and observation techniques used to determine the presence or release of
hazardous substances in the work area.
5. How to lessen or prevent exposure to these hazardous substances through usage of
control, work practices and personal protective equipment.
6. Emergency and first aid procedures to follow if employees are exposed to hazardous
substance(s).
7. How to read labels and reviews MSDS to obtain appropriate hazard information.
Not..e,: It is of critical importance that all of our employees understand the training.
If you have any additional questions, please contact Terri Gareia.
When new hazardous substances are introduced, Terri Garcia will review the above
items as they are related to the new material in your work area safety meeting.
Overview of the Hazard Communication Regulation
The Hazard Communication Regulation is intended to ensure that both employers and
employees are aware of the dangers associated with hazardous substances in their
workplaces. The above information is a review of the specific requirements of a hazard
communication program, including container labeling, MSDS and training.
Written Hazard Communication Program
W~e have a_whttp_n pro_gra~t_ha_t _o_ujl~i_nes how we will provide information and control
your exposure to hazardous substances. This plan is ~ivailablYfor Y6ur reviewduring
your training and at the bulletin board.
4. List of hazardous substances
The following is a list of all known hazardous substances present at Boyd & Boyd Ind.
Specific information on each noted hazardous substance(s) could be obtained by
reviewing the Material Safety Data Sheets.
Hazardous Substances Work Area or Process
1. Latex Paint Outside Shop
2. Enamel Paint Outside Shop
3. Super VM&P Naphtha -- Outside Shop
4. Paint Thinner Outside Shop
5. Mineral Spirits Outside Shop
6. Acetylene Shop
7. Aerosol Paint Outside Shop
8. PDI Solvent Base Outside Shop
9. PDI Solvent Thinner Outside Shop
10. PDI Latex Outside Shop
11. Glue Outside Shop
12. Oxygen Shop
...... 13. Carbon Dioxide .................... _Shop ....
14. Muriatic Acid Shop
5. Hazardous non-routine tasks
Periodically, employees are required to perform hazardous non-routine tasks. Prior to
starting work on such projects, each affected employee will be given information by their
supervisor about hazards to which they may be exposed during such an activity.
This information will include:
Specific hazards.
Protective/Safety measures which must be utilized.
Measures the company-has taken to-lessen.the hazards including ventilation, respirators,
having another employee present and emergency procedures.
Examples of non-routine tasks performed by employees of this company:
Task Hazardous Substance
6. Hazardous substances In Unlabeled Pipes ( if applicable)
To ensure that our employees who work on unlabeled pipes have been informed as to the
hazardous substances contained within, the following policy has been established:
Prior to starting work on unlabeled pipes our employees are to contact Terri Garcia for
the following information:
The hazardous substances in the pipe.
Potential hazards.
Safety precautions which shall be taken.
7. Information Contractors
To ensure that outside contractors work safely in our plant, it is the responsibility of
Terri Gareia to provide contractors the following information:
Hazardous substances to which they may be exposed while on the job site.
Precautions the employees may take to lessen the possibility of exposure by usage of
appropriate protective measures.
If anyone has questions about this plan contact Terri Garcia. Our plan will be
monitored by Terri Garcia to ensure that the policies are carried out and that the plan is
effective.
Company Name
Employee Signature
Date
6
INVENTORY LIST
Hazardous Operation]Area
Substances Used
1. Latex Paint Outside Shop
2. Enamel Paint Outside Shop
3. Super VM&P Naphtha Outside Shop
4. Paint Thinner Outside Shop
5. Mineral spirits Outside Shop
6. Acetylene Shop
7. Aerosol Paint Outside Shop
8. PDI Solvent Base Outside Shop
9. PDI Solvent Thinner Outside Shop
10. PDI Latex Outside Shop
11. Glue Outside Shop
12. Oxygen Shop
13. Carbon Dioxide Shop
14~M~_~a_tic Acid Sho~p
Signature: Date:
Boyd & Boyd Ind.
Packaging Systems & Equipment Engineers
3500 Chester Ave
Bakersfield, CA 93301
(661) 631-8400
We have 25 Employees at this facility.
We do have MSDS sheets on file at this facility.
See page 3 of the Written hazard Communication Program.
BOYD & BOYD , , : ',,-~ ,' ",;' ;?=i~,~,~ SiteID: 215-000-~--
Manager :
/f '!~ :~::i' ,,..C~ I ~1~ BusPhone: (805) 631-8400
Location
~ ~ Map : 10~ Com~az : Moderate~'
~ Grid: /~: FacUni 1 AOV:
CommCode B~ERSFIELD STAT~-: SIC Code:
EPA Nu~: DunnBrad: 7 7 - 018 - 9 0 21
Emergency Contact / Title Emergency Contact / Title
JERRY BOYD / ED BOYD /
Business Phone: (805) 631-8400x Business Phone: (805) 631-8400x
24-Hour Phone : (805) 397-8323x 24-Hour Phone : (805) 399-4913x
Pager Phone : ( ) - x Pager Phone : ( ) - x
Hanmar Hazards: Fire Press ImmHlth
Emergency Directives:
= Hazmat Inventory One Unified List
-- MCP+DailyMax Order Ail Materials at Site
Hazmat Common Name... ISpocHaz[EPA HazardsI Frm I DailyMax IUnitIMCP
ACETYLENE F P IH G 843 FT3 Hi
OXYGEN F P IH G 465 FT3 Low
CARBON DIOXIDE F P IH G 155 FT3 Min
reviews, d lhe atached hazardous materials manage-
ment plan for'~ ~, ,.~ ~. and t,at it
any corre~ions constitute ~ complete and correc~ man-
agement plan
-1- 09/25/1997
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 215-000-000112
~ Inventory Item 0001 Facility Unit: Overall Site
ACETYLENE Days On Site
365
Locationwithin this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
EAST WALL CAS#
74-86-2
Gas {Pure Above Ambient A~ient PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Largest Container { Daily Maximum I Daily Average
FT3I 843.00 FT3I 562.00 FT3
HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
%Wt. Acetylene EHS CAS#
100.00 No 74862
HAZED ASSESSMENTS
TSecret EHS BioHaz Radioactive/Amount EPA HazardsNo No No No/ Curies F P IH NFPA I USDOT# I MCP/// Hi
~ Inventory Item 0002 Facility Unit: Overall Site
OXYGEN Days On Site
365
Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
EAST WALL CAS#
7782-44-7
F STATE TYPE PRESSURE {TEMPERATURE CONTAINER TYPE
Gas Pure Above Ambient Ambient PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
I AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Largest Container Daily Maximum Daily Average
FT3 465.00 FT3 210.00 FT3
HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
%Wt. EHS CAS#
100.00 Oxygen, Compressed No 7782447
HAZARD ASSESSMENTS
TSoorot EHS BioHaz I Radioactive/AmountNo No No No/ Curies EPA HazardsF P IH NFPA/// USDOT# MCP
2 09/25/1997
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 215-000-000112
~ Inventory Item 0003 Facility Unit: Overall Site
C~BON DIOXIDE Days On Site
365
Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid:
EAST W~L CAS#
124-38-9
F STATE ~ TYPE i PRESS~E i TEMPE~T~E CONTAINER TYPE
Gas /Pure Move A~ient A~ient PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
~O~TS AT THIS LOCATION
Largest Container I Daily Maximum I Daily Average
FT3I 155.00 FT3I 155.00 FT3
~Z~DOUS COMPONENTS
%Wt. I EHS CAS#
100.001Carbon Dioxide No 124389
~Z~D ASSESSMENTS
TSecret EHS BioHaz Radioactive/Amount EPA Hazards NFPA ] USDOT~ ] MCP
No No No No/ Curies F P IH / / / Min
3 09/25/1997
F BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 215-000-000112
Fast Format
~ Notif./Evacuation/Medical Overall Site
--Agency Notification 10/03/1990
CALL 911
-- Employee Notif./Evacuation 10/03/1990
TELL EMPLOYEES
Public Notif./Evacuation 10/03/1990
NONE
Emergency Medical Plan 10/03/1990
CALL 911 AND CALL DR. NIZAR.
-4- 09/25/1997
BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 215-000-000112
Fast Format
~ Mitigation/Prevent/Abatemt Overall Site
-- Release Prevention 10/03/1990
ALWAYS CHAIN TANKS THAT ARE NOT IN CARRIER, ALWAYS PUT SAFETY CAPS ON TANKS
IF NOT IN CARRIER AND NEVER CLEAN WITH OILY RAGS.
-- Release Containment 10/03/1990
N/A
-- Clean Up 10/03/1990
N/A
Other Resource Activation
-5- 09/25/1997
F BOYD & BOYD SiteID: 215-000-000112
I Fast Format
F Site Emergency Factors Overall Site
Special Hazards
--Utility Shut-Offs 01/17/1996
A) GAS - AT TANKS (SMALL) NO NATURAL GAS
B) ELECTRICAL - MIDDLE OF SOUTH WALL
C) WATER - MIDDLE OF SOUTH WALL OUTSIDE
D) SPECIAL - NONE
E) LOCK BOX - NO
Fire Protec./Avail. Water 01/17/1996
PRIVATE FIRE PROTECTION - EXTINGUISHERS IN THE MIDDLE OF BLDG ON THE NORTH
END OF SHELVES.
NEAREST FIRE HYDRANT - IN FRONT, 200FT NORTH OF SUMNER.
Building Occupancy Level
-6- 09/25/1997
BOYD & BOYD &~&~&&&&~&&&&~&~&~&&&&~&~&&&&~&&&~&&&&~ SiteID: 215-000-000112
Training ~&~&~&&&&~&~&&~&~&~&~&~&~&~&~&&~&~&~&~&~&~&~ Overall Site
i&~ Employee Training ~~~&~~&&&~&~&~&~&&~&~&~& 08/25/1992
WE HAVE 6 EMPLOYEES AT THIS FACILITY.
WE DO HAVE MSDS SHEETS ON FILE AT THIS FACILITY.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF TRAINING PROGRAM: SAFETY TRAINING ON HANDELING TANKS AND
TOOLS.
i~ Held for Future Use