HomeMy WebLinkAboutMITIGATION 4/1993~Piwar~a ~ngin~ring
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~IVIL ENGINEERING SUF~VEYING
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
AND CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
601 Eureka Street
Bakersfield, California
Prepared For:
John McCauley
c/o Byrum, Holland & Griffin
1800 - 30th Street, 4th Floor
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Prepared By:
PIWAREA ENGINEERING, INC.
3125 19th Street, Suite 133
Bakersfield, CA 93301
John R. Wilson, R.C.E. #23270
Registration Expires 12-31-93
April 1993
pJ.-93/SITEC~AR . RPT
31 25 1 ~lth Street. Suite 1 33 · Sekerefield. Ca. 93301-311 8 · (S015] BSl-SS0S
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1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1
1.1 Site Description ................................... 2
1.2 Project History ................................... 2
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION ............................... 8
2.1 Drilling and Soil Sampling ........................ 8
2.2 Laboratory Analysis ............................... 9
CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN: ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS .......... 10
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Geologic Conditions ............................... 10
Subsurface Conditions ............................. 10
Hydrogeology ...................................... 10
Soil Vapor Monitoring .......................... '...11
Laboratory Analytical Results ..................... 11
Conclusions ....................................... 12
CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN: FEASIBILITY STUDY .............. 15
CLOSURE ................................................ 18
REFERENCES
Figure 1 Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Site Map
Figure 3 Cross Section AA'
Figure 4 Cross Section BB'
APPENDIX A Laboratory Reports and Chain-of-Custody
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of an Expanded Site
Characterization performed by PIWAREA ENGINEERING, INC. (PIWAREA)
at the CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL facility located at 601 Eureka
Street, Bakersfield, California. PIWAREA proposed to conduct and
Expanded Site Characterization associated with a release of
gasoline hydrocarbons from the 550 gallon underground gasoline
storage tank (UST) at the above referenced facility which were
removed under Permit No. BR-0031 with the City of Bakersfield, Fire
Department Hazardous Materials Division.
On December 21, 1991, CALPI, INC. excavated the soil above and
around the UST, and removed the tank, dispenser and associated
project pipeline. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) as gasoline
and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics were detected in
soil samples from beneath the UST. TPH as gasoline was detected at
810 mg/kg at a depth of two feet beneath the UST and at 10,000
mg/kg and 98 mg/kg in these samples, respectively. These
concentrations are in excess of Regional Water Quality Control
BOard (RWQCB) guidelines for gasoline hydrocarbons in the soil, and
resulted in the Lead Implementing Agency (LIA) which is the City of
Bakersfield Fire Department Hazardous Materials Division (BKDHMD)
requesting an initial site characterization.
On March 19, 1992, WILSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. (W&A) advanced six
soil borings in the vicinity of the former UST to assess the
vertical and lateral limits of gasoline hydrocarbons in the
subsurface. Gasoline hydrocarbons were detected to a depth of less
than 75 feet below surface grade. Lateral limits of the gasoline
hydrocarbons appear to have been delineated to the northeast, east
southwest and west. Additional lateral delineation was required by
BFDHMD to the northwest and southeast. This report documents that
additional investigation, consisting of three soil borings and the
laboratory analysis of eight Soil samples for the presence of
gasoline hydrocarbons.
Ail methods employed are in compliance with regulations and
guidelines set forth in California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title
22, Article 11, and Title 23, Chapter 3, California Site Mitigation
decision Tree Manual, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title
29, Part 1910, Section 120, CDR Title 40, Parts 300-399, Tri-
Regional Board Staff Recommendations for Preliminary Evaluation and
Investigation of Underground Tank Sites, City of Bakersfield and
Kern County regulations, as well as accepted professional
environmental/geotechnical engineering procedures.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 2
The scope of work for this project was developed in conjunction
with Mr. John McCauley representing California Sheet Metal and Mr.
Ralph Huey of BFDHMD. Work performed during this phase includes
the following:
Development of site health and safety, and technical work
plans.
Drilling and sampling of three exploratory soil borings
to a maximum depth of 50 feet below surface grade.
Laboratory analysis of eight selected soil samples for
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons as gasoline, and the
gasoline constituent volatile aromatics.
Preparation
conclusions,
site.
of this report presenting our results,
and remedial action alternatives for the
1.1 Site Description
The site is located at 601 Eureka Street, in the City of
Bakersfield, County of Kern, California (Figure 1) The site
formerly operated a gasoline storage facility for California Sheet
Metal's company vehicles. The site is situated within an area of
predominantly commercial properties. The overall site topography
is essentially flat, with a slight fall to the south.
1.2 Project History
California Sheet Metal contracted with CALPI, INC. of Bakersfield,
California to remove the 550 gallon UST, gasoline dispenser, and
associated product pipeline at the site. On December 17, 1992,
CALPI excavated the soil above and around the UST, and removed the
tank dispenser and associated project pipeline. The tanks were
removed under City of Bakersfield Hazardous Materials Division
Permit No. BP-0031. Soil samples were collected from beneath the
UST at the direction of Mr. Joe Dunwoody with the BFDHMD.
Soil samples were collected at depths of two feet and six feet
beneath the center of the former UST as shown on Figure 2. These
samples are designated #1 and #2. The soil samples were collected
from the backhoe bucket immediately after soil excavation and
stored in 2" diameter brass tubes. All soil samples were sealed
with teflon (TM) liners and end caps. The samples were then
labeled, handled and transported according to the United States
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 3
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) protocol to a State of
California Department of Health Services (DOHS) 'certified
laboratory.
Sample identification and chain-of-custody procedures were utilized
for the samples to ensure sample integrity and to document sample
possession from the time of collection to its ultimate destination.
The sample label identified the job number, sampler, date and time
of collection and sample number unique to the sample. All sampling
equipment was washed with TSP~ (tri-sodium phosphate) cleanser,
pre-rinsed with tap water and a final rinse of de-ionized water
prior to sampling.
The soil samples designated for chemical analysis were submitted to
SMC Laboratories in Bakersfield, California, a State of California
Department of Health Services (DOHS) certified laboratory. The
soil samples were analyzed for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)
as gasoline, and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics,
benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and total xylenes (BTEX) using
USEPA Test Method 5030/8020.
TPH as gasoline, and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics
were detected in soil samples from beneath the UST. TPH as
gasoline was detected at a concentration of 810 mg/kg at a depth of
two feet and 10,000 mg/kg at a depth of six feet. The volatile
aromatic benzene was detected at 44 mg/kg and 98 mg/kg in these
samples, respectively. Table 1 presents the analytical results for
TPH as gasoline, and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics in
the two soil samples from beneath the UST.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 4
Table 1
(Analytical results expressed in milligrams per kilogram (ppm))
Sample Location Depth TPH Benzene Tolulene Ethyl Total
No. Gasoline Benzene Xylenes
I 1 550 Gal. UST 2' 810 44* 170, 19, 153,
2 550 Gal. UST 6' 10,000 98* 275* 23* 290*
MRL N/A NA 1.0 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
AL N/A NA 1,000 1.0 1.0 50 50
I ND: None Detected at or above minimum reporting level (MRL)
NA: Not Applicable
Exceeds RWQCB recommended guidelines.
Regional Water Quality Control Board recommended guidelines for
contaminants in soil. the recommended guidelines were calculated using the
LUFT methodology by multiplying the most stringent current federal or state
water quality standards by a factor of 1,000 for gasoline, and the volatile
aromatics to account for attenuation due to soil composition and distance
from groundwater.
AL:
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Based on the soil sampling and laboratory analysis, TPH as
gasoline, and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics were
detected at concentrations in excess of RWQCB recommended
guidelines for additional assessment activities. The city of
Bakersfield Fire Department Hazardous Materials Division required
assessment activities to determine the vertical and lateral extent
of the impacted soil, and to determine whether there is a threat of
these hydrocarbons impacting groundwater.
California Sheet Metal contracted with Wilson and Associates, Inc.
of Bakersfield, California to perform the preliminary site
characterization. Drilling commenced on March 19, 1992. A total
of six soil borings were drilled within this phase of soil
characterization (Figure 2). Soil boring B-1 was advanced through
the center of the former gasoline tank location to a depth of 90
feet below surface grade to assess the vertical extent of impacted
soil beneath this probable source area. Soil borings, B-2 through
B-6, were advanced radially from the tank location to assess the
lateral limits of impacted soil.
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Nineteen soil samples were sent to BC Laboratories, of Bakersfield,
California, a state-certified laboratory for chemical analysis.
The soil samples were analyzed for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
(TPH) as gasoline using USEPA Test Method 8015 modified, and the
gasoline constituent volatile aromatics (BTEX) using USEPA Test
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 5
Method 5030/8020. Seven of the samples were also analyzed for the
presence of total lead using SW-6010.
TPH as gasoline was detected in boring B-1 at a concentration of
6,000 mg/kg at the depths of 5 and 15 feet, 3,100 mg/kg at 30 feet,
3,000 mg/kg at 45 feet and 18,000 mg/kg at 60 feet, but not
detected in the samples from 75, 80, 85 and 90 feet. TPH as
gasoline was detected in boring B-2 positioned 10 feet southwest of
B-1 at 12,000 mg/kg at 15 feet, and 400 mg/kg at 30 feet. TPH as
gasoline was detected in boring B-3 positioned 20 feet southeast of
B-1 at 30,000 mg/kg at 25 feet. TPH as gasoline was not detected
in boring B-4 positioned 25 feet southwest of B-1 at 30 feet and 40
feet. TPH as gasoline was detected in boring B-5 positioned 20
feet northwest of B-1 at 7,000 mg/kg at 40 feet, but was not
detected at a depth of 15 feet in this boring. TPH as gasoline was
not detected in boring B-6 positioned 30 feet northeast of B-1 at
20 feet, 30 feet, and 40 feet.
The gasoline constituent volatile aromatics were also detected to
a depth of 60 feet below the UST and 30 feet laterally from the
tank. Total lead was detected in B-1 at 39 mg/kg at a depth of 5
feet, 4.5 mg/kg at 30 feet and 4.5 mg/kg at 85 feet, in B-2 at 3.9
mg/kg at 30 feet, and in B-6 at 3.6 mg/kg at 20 feet and at 8.5
mg/kg at 40 feet. Soluble lead was detected in B-1 at 2.7 mg/1 at
15 feet.
Regional Water Quality Control Board recommended guidelines for
gasoline, and the gasoline constituent volatile aromatics', benzene,
toluene, ethyl benzene, and total xylenes have been calculated
using the LUFT methodology by multiplying the most stringent
current federal or state water quality standards by a factor of
1,000 to account for attenuation due to site-specific parameters
including vertical separation to groundwater, soil lithology,
fractures in subsurfaces, annual average precipitation, and any
direct conduits to groundwater. The recommended guidelines are
1,000 mg/kg for TPH as gasoline, 1.0 mg/kg for benzene and toluene,
and 50 mg/kg for ethyl benzene and total xylenes. The State of
California Title 22 Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) for
lead is 1,000 mg/kg and the Soluble Threshold Limit Concentration
(STLC) is 5.0 mg/1.
Laboratory analytical results for the nineteen selected soil
samples from the six preliminary site characterization borings are
summarized in Table 2 - Summary of Analytical Results.
I EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
Page
No.
6
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Table 2
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY ANALYTICAL DATA
(values in milligrams per kilogram (ppm))
INA:
AL: guidelines for
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Boring Depth TPH Benzene Toluene Ethyl Total Total Soluble
No. Gasoline Benzene Xylenes Lead Lead
I 210, 50* 1960, 39 2.7
B-1
5'
6,000*
ND(>20)
B-1 15' 6,000* ND(>100) 390* 170, 1290,
B-1 30' 3,100, ND(>2) 86* 71, 438* 4.5
I B-1 45' 3,000*' 5* 160, 75* 390*
B-1 60' 13,000, 110, 1,300, 300* 2,560*
B-1 75' ND ND ND ND ND ND
I B-1 80' ND ND ND ND ND
B-1 85' ND ND 0.047 ND 0.014 4.5
B-1 90' ND 0.084 0.16 0.049 0.088
B-2 15' 12,000, 1,000, 1,500, 340* 2,480*
I 30' 400 0.2 1.2 4.7 49 3.9
B-2
B-3 30' 30,000* 400 3,400* 800* 4,300*
B-4 30' ND ND ND ND ND
I B-4 40' ND ND ND ND ND
B-5 15' ND 0.011 0.017 ND ND
B-5 40' 7,000* 42 * 540* 160, 810,
I B-6 20' ND ND ND ND ND 3.6
B-6 30' ND ND ND ND ND
B-6 40' ND ND 0.008 ND 0.010 8.5
AL NA 1,000 1 1 50 50 1,000 5
i NA 1.0 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 2.5 0.5
MRL
ND:None Detected at or above minimum reporting level (MRL)
Not Applicable
Exceeds RWQCB recommended guidelines.
Regional Water Quality Control Board recommended
Icontaminants in soil. the recommended guidelines were calculated using the
LUFT methodology by multiplying the most stringent current federal or state
water quality standards by a factor of 1,000 for gasoline, and the volatile
aromatics to account for attenuation due to soil composition and distance
Ifrom groundwater.
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The data obtained from the tank removal operations suggest that
soil impacted with gasoline hydrocarbons at concentrations in
excess RWQCB recommended guidelines exist at the subject site in an
area beneath the gasoline UST. The subsequent soil drilling
activities indicate that gasoline hydrocarbons in excess of 1,000
mg/kg extend to a depth less than 75 feet below surface, and to a
radius less than 30 feet from the location of the former gasoline
UST to the northeast and the southwest.
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 7
However, the lateral limits to the northwest and southeast were not
delineated by the preliminary site characterization. Upon review
of the preliminary site characterization, BFDHMD requested
additional drilling activities to delineate the lateral limits to
the northwest and southeast of the former gasoline UST. California
Sheet Metal contracted with PIWAREA ENGINEERING, INC. of
Bakersfield, California to perform this expanded site
characterization.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
2.0 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
Page No. 8
2.1 Drilling and Soil Sampling
Prior to commencing field operations, a technical work plan was
reviewed and approved by BFDHMD personnel. Underground Service
Alert was notified 48 hours in advance of the site activities.
Drilling commenced on March 8, 1993 using a CME 75~ truck mounted
drill rig, and equipped with 6-inch diameter hollow-stem augers.
The augers were steam cleaned prior to use to minimize the
possibility of cross-contamination.
A total of three soil borings were drilled within this expanded
phase of soil characterization (Figure 2). Soil boring, B-7, was
advanced at a location 35 southeast of the gasoline tank to a depth
of 50 feet below surface grade. Soil boring, B-8, was advanced at
a location 30 northwest to a depth of 35 feet below surface grade.
Because soil vapors were detected in this boring, B-8 was
terminated at this depth, and an additional boring was advanced.
Therefore, boring B-9 was advanced 15 feet west of B-8 to a depth
of 50 feet. A Registered California Civil Engineer was on site to
log the borings, monitor soils during drilling for contamination,
and collect soil samples.
Soil samples were collected at 5-foot intervals in each of the
borings using a split-spoon sampler (ASTM D 3550 with shoe.similar
to ASTM D 1586) equipped with three 6-inch by 2.5-inch diameter
stainless steel sleeves for soil retention. The soil samples were
obtained by driving the sampler with a 140-pound hammer dropping 30
inches in accordance with ASTM D 1586.
The lowermost sleeve at each sample interval was screened for total
organic vapors with a photo-ionization detector (PID). Headspace
vapor analysis was performed by first discarding a portion of the
soil retained at one end of the sleeve to produce a headspace. The
sleeve was then capped and the probe of the PID was inserted
through a hole in the cap and into the headspace for analysis.
The middle sample sleeve was immediately sealed with Teflon6 film,
capped, and placed on ice at less than 4oC for transport to a
California Department of Health Services (DOHS) certified
laboratory. The temperature within the ice chest was recorded at
each sampling interval and recorded on the chain of custody
document. Strict chain-of-custody procedures were utilized for all
samples collected to ensure sample integrity and to document sample
possession from the time of collection to the final destination.
The temperature within the ice chest was recorded at the time that
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 9
the ice chest was delivered to the laboratory and recorded on the
chain of custody document.
Sampling equipment was washed with TSP (tri-sodium phosphate)
cleanser, and rinsed with tap water and de-ionized water prior to
sampling, between sample intervals, and between borings to minimize
the potential of cross contamination. The augers were steam
cleaned prior to drilling and between borings to minimize the
potential of cross contamination. The borings were backfilled with
a cement-bentonite slurry.
2.2 Laboratory Analysis
Eight soil samples were sent to BC Laboratories for chemical
analysis. The soil samples were analyzed for Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (TPH) as gasoline, and the gasoline constituent
volatile aromatics benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and total
xylenes (BTEX) using USEPA Test Method 5030/GCFID, and USEPA Test
Method 5030/8020, respectively.
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
3.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN: ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
Page No. 10
3.1 Geologic Conditions
Regional Geology: The site is located in the southern part of the
Great Valley geomorphic province. The Great Valley is a
north-south trending valley, approximately 400 miles long by 50
miles wide. Surface and groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley is
derived predominantly from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the
east, and is transported by five major rivers, the southern most
being the Kern River. The subject site is located approximately
three miles south of the Kern River.
The surface of the San Joaquin Valley is composed primarily of
unconsolidated Pleistocene (1.6 million to 11,000 years ago) and
Recent (11,000 years ago to the present) alluvial sediments.
Beneath the alluvial sediments are older, predominantly lake bed
deposits. These lie unconformably on Mio-Pliocene marine sediments
'which-extend to crystalline basement at approximately 20,000 feet.
Site Geology: Geologic deposits in the study area include
Pleistocene alluvial sediments of the Kern River Formation, which
form a homocline dipping gently to the southwest. The deposits are
alluvium consisting of poorly indurated and dissected fan deposits
(CDMG,1964).
'3.2 Subsurface Conditions
Subsurface material encountered during drilling was alluvium to the
total depth of each boring. The alluvium was characterized by
unconsolidated, moderate to good permeability, silt sands and well
graded sands to a depth of 90 feet which is the greatest depth
penetrated in the investigations. Cross Sections AA' and BB' have
been prepared which integrates the geology, the location of the
former underground storage tank, and the distribution of gasoline
hydrocarbons in the subsurface (Figures 3 and 4).
3.3 Hydrogeology
The depth to the regional unconfined aquifer is approximately 200
feet below surface grade beneath the site with the direction of
groundwater flow to the south (Kern County Water Agency, 1991
Report on Water Conditions, Improvement District No. 4, February
1992). The nearest known occurrence of perched groundwater is two
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 11
miles to the southwest at a depth of 20 feet in the abandoned Kern
River channel to the ancient Kern Lake bed (Kern County Water
Agency, 1991 Water Supply Report, May 1992). No perched
groundwater is known to exist beneath the subject site.
3.4 Soil Vapor Monitoring
Soil samples collected during drilling were monitored with a
photo-ionization detector (PID) to evaluate organic vapor
concentrations. The PID was calibrated with an isobutylene
standard of 100 parts per million (ppm) and contained an 11.8
electron volt (eV) lamp, capable of detecting benzene (9.25 eV).
Boring logs present the PID readings as they were recorded in the
field.
3.5 Laboratory Analytical Results
TPH as gasoline was not detected in boring B-7, positioned 30 feet
southeast of the former gasoline UST in the samples from 20, 30 and
50 feet. TPH as gasoline was not detected in boring B-8,
positioned 30 feet northwest of the former UST at 20 feet and 35
feet. TPH as gasoline was in boring B-9, positioned 15 feet west
of B-8 at 30 feet, 40 feet and 50 feet. The gasoline constituent
volatile aromatics were detected at trace concentrations in the
samples from B-7 at 50 feet, B-8 at 35 feet, and B-9 at 50. feet.
Laboratory analytical results for the eight Selected soil samples
from the three borings are summarized in Table 3 - Summary of
Analytical Results. copies of the analytical reports and chain of
custody documentation are presented in Appendix A - Laboratory
Analytical Results. Borings B-7, B-8 and B-9 were designated B-i,
B-2, and B-3 on the chain of custody document and are reported that
way on the laboratory reports.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Table 3
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY ANALYTICAL DATA
(values in milligrams per kilogram (ppm))
Boring Depth TPH Benzene Toluene Ethyl Total
No. Gasoline Benzene Xylenes
Page No. 12
B-7 20' ND ND ND ND ND
B-7 30' ND ND ND ND ND
B-7 50' ND 0.064 0.029 ND 0.015
B-8 20' ND ND ND ND ND
B-8 35' ND 0.079 0.11 ND 0.090
B-9 30' ND ND ND ND ND
B-9 40' ND ND ND ND ND
B-9 50' ND 0.11 0.027 ND 0.045
AL NA 1,000 1 1 50 50
MLR NA 1.0 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
I ND: None Detected at or above minimum reporting level (MRL)
NA: Not Applicable
*: Exceeds RWQCB recommended guidelines.
iAL: Regional Water Quality Control Board recommended guidelines for
contaminants in soil. the recommended guidelines were calculated using the
LUFT methodology by multiplying the most stringent current federal or state
water quality standards by a factor of 1,000 for gasoline, and the volatile
Iaromatics to account for attenuation due to soil composition and distance
from groundwater.
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3.6 Conclusions
'The data obtained from the tank removal operations suggest that
soil impacted with gasoline hydrocarbons at concentrations in
excess RWQCB recommended guidelines exist at the subject site in an
area beneath the gasoline UST. The preliminary site
characterization indicated that gasoline hydrocarbons in excess of
1,000 mg/kg extend to a depth of less than 75 feet below surface,
and to a radius of less than 55 feet from the location of the
former gasoline UST to the northeast and southwest. The subsequent
expanded site characterization has delineated the lateral limits to
the northwest and southeast less than 50 feet from the UST. Based
on the field information and analytical data, it appears that when
remediation measures are undertaken, they would involve
approximately 10,000 cubic yards of soil.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 13
The gasoline constituent volatile aromatics benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, and total zulenes have maximum Contaminand Levels
(MCL's) established by the State of California for groundwater.
These concentrations are 0.67 ug/1 for benzene, 100 ug/1 for
toluene, 680 ug/1 for ethylbenzene, 1,750 ug/1 for total xylenes.
Gasoline fuel may contain sugnificant amounts of benzene, a proven
human carcinogen. Benzene is a colorless liquid with an aromatic
odor. It is incompatible with strongoxidizers like chlorine or
bromine with iron. The routes of expisure for benzene include
inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion and skin and/or eye contact.
Symptoms of exposure to benzene icnclude irritation to the eyes,
nose and respiratory system, giddiness, headache, nausea,
staggering gait, fatigue, anorexia, lassitude, hermatitis and
abdominal pain.
The potential health hazard from benzene exposure is low given the
present burial of the impacted soil by at lease eight feet of
overburden soil. However, the exposure to benzene would be
moderate to high, if the impacted soil were to be excavated and
exposed to the atmosphere. Conversely, the potential for exposure
would be very low if an in-situ mitigation technology was used such
as soil vapor extraction, where the extracted gasoline vapors are
destroyed at and efficiency of 99% prior to emission to the
atmosphere.
The gasoline constituent volatile aromatics have a very high
potential to evaporate at the surface given their high vapor
pressures. The leaching potential of the volatile aromatics are
also high, on the order of 1.3 times that of water, and is again
controled by the vapor pressure and their high solubility in water.
Conversely, the soil retention potential for the volatile aromatics
are low.
These physical characteristics make the volatile aromatics highly
mobile in the subsurface, dependant primarily in the permeability
of the soil, and driven by gravity, soil moisture, and vapor phase
expansion. Because of the arid environment at the site, subsurface
water percolation is virtually non-sxistence. At the subject site
vertical gravity migration, and vapor phase lateral expansion are
the primary modes of the gasoline movement.
There are no surface waters within one mile of the subject site
which may be threatened by this release. The first encountered
groundwater aquifer beneath the subject site is the primary
unconfined groundwater zone used for drinking water in the
Bakersfield area. However, given that the first encountered
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 14
groundwater is in excess of 200 feet below surface grade, and the
presence of substantial intervening low permeability sedimentary
barriers to vertical migration of gasoline hydrocarbons, there is
a very low probability of the gasoline hydrocarbons impacting the
groundwater. The following Table 4 presents a summary of the
physical characteristics of the gasoline constituent volatile
aromatics.
Table 4
Physical Characteristics of the Gasoline Constituent Volatile Aromatics
Chemical M.P. B.P. Solubility Vapor Pressure Density
(C) (C) (ppm) (mm Hg at 20-25 C)
Benzene 5.51 80 1780 75.20
Toluene 95 110.6 537 21.84
Ethylbenzene -93.9 136.2 167 7.08
O-Xylene -29 144.4 162 6.16
M-Xylene -53.6 139.1 162 6.16
P-Xylene -13.2 138.4 162 6.16
0.879
0.867
0.867
0.880
0.864
0.861
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
4.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN: FEASIBILITY STUDY
Page No. 15
At least four options for remediation for the soil are applicable
to the site; 1. natural in-situ biodegradation, 2. excavation and
transporation of soil to an approved landfill or recycling
facility, 3. excavation and surface bioremediation, and 4. in-
situ vapor extraction.
Option 1: Natural In-Situ Biodegradation
Natural in-situ biodegradation is appropriate in these
circumstances and is protective of the environment given the
foollowing facts: (1) the small volume of contamination; (2) the
nearly 150 foot distance of vertical separation between the
impacted soil and the first occurrence of groundwater (at
approximately 200 feet); (3) the existence of intervining
sedimentary barriers to migration; and (4) the ability of natural
processes to biodegrade the contamination without risk to
groundwater or people. Furthermore, because this option will not
require contamination to be exposed to the atmosphere, transported
long distances to a hazardous materials landfill, occupy scarce
hazardous waste landfill space, or become exposed to people or the
environment, this option poses a low risk to the environment and
human health.
Option 2: Excavation and Offsite Disposal or Recycling
In option 2, contaminated soil would be excavated to a depth 60-75
feet where the site assessment had indicated that the limits of
concentration in excess of the recommended guildlines would be
reached, and laterally 35 feet from the the gasoline tank Because
the impacted soil extends to a gignificant depth, and there are on-
site structures and nearby roadways'which limit the boundaries of
the excavation, this option is likely not feasible.
The decision whether the soil may be transported to a recycling
facility or required diposal at a hazardous waste landfill depends
on the concentration of contaminants in the soil after is tis
stockpiled. If the concentrations exceed the recycling facilities'
permit specifications, then disposal at a hazardous waste landfill
would be required. Judging from the findings of this study,
however, it appears that the soil might qualify to be recycled at
one of several approved facilities.
Whether the soil would be recycled or disposed of in a landfill,
this option would be exceptionally expensive. In light of the
depth of the impacted soil, and the facts that this option would
expose the contamination to the atmosphere during and after
excavation, and would require transporting contamination long
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 16
distances to a landfill or recycling facility, PIWAREA ENGINEERING
does not recommend this option.
Option 3: Excavation and Surface Bioremediation
In option 3, the impacted soil would again be excavated, but then
would be treated on-site to non hazardous concentrations through
the prcess of bioremediation. Surface bioremediation has been
shown to be particularily successful in the San Joaquin Vallen
given the high temperatures, and low relative humidity, with a
probable time frame of less than six months. As with option 2, the
depth of the impacted soil, and the fact that it would expose the
contamination to the atmosphere during and after excavation, makes
it undesirable in light of the circumstances at the site.
Option 4: In-Situ Vapor Extraction
Option 4 would invole treating the soil through in-situ vapor
extraction. This option would allow the soil to remain in place,
and the volatile gasoline hydrocarbons to be extracted through
wells drilled into the impacted soil. The effectiveness of this
option woild be dependant on the ability of an air flow to be
Created throughout the zone of impacted soil, permitting the
volatile gasoline hydrocarbons to volatize, and then be extracted
through the wells.
The stratigraphy and high soil permeabilities at this site lends
itself to vapor extraction. PIWAREA ENGINEERING's experience in
vapor extraction of volatile gasoling hydrocarbons from high
permeability soils indicated that the timeframe for successfull
treatment would be approximately six to nine months. The cost for
in-situ vapor extraction would be approximately $100,000 to
$150,000.
In the preliminary site characterization, Wilson and Associates
recommended that the best available remediation technology is to
treat the soil to non hazardous concentrations through the process
of In-Situ soil vapor extraction. The BFDHMD concurred with this
recommendation in their letter dated November 16, 1992.
PIWAREA ENGINEERING also recommends in-situ soil vapor extraction
as the best available technology to reduce the concentration of
gasoline hydrocarbons in the soil to below RWQCB recommended
guidelines.
The client should be aware that the State of California has been
mandated to have a leaking underground storage tank cleanup fund to
cover site investigation and remediation expenses above $10,000 but
not to exceed $1,000,000. PIWAREA ENGINEERING personnel will
assist the client in complying with the qualifying requirements for
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
Page No. 17
the fund. Proper and complete documentation of tank operation
permits, tank abandonment permits, and compliance with regulatory
requests for assessment and remediation is critical for both
qualification, and prioritization of your site within the funding
system.
EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION Page No. 18
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
5.0 CLOSUR_____~E
This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of California
Sheet Metal as it pertains to the location of the former 550 gallon
UST located at 60~ Eureka Street, Bakersfield, California. The
results contained in each verbal or written report are based upon
the information acquired during the assessment. It is possible
that variations could exist beyond points explored during the
course of the investigation. Also, changes in conditions found
could occur at some time in the future due to contaminant
migration, variations in rainfall, temperature, and/or other
factors not apparent at the time of the field investigation.
This report should not be regarded as a guarantee that no further
contamination, beyond that which may have been detected within the
scope of this study, is present.on or beneath the site. If
additional information regarding the possible presence or past use
of hazardous materials at the site becomes available, then the need
for further field investigation should be re-evaluated. Similarly,
if suspected contamination is encountered during earthwork or
construction activities, a qualified engineer or geologist should
be on-site to monitor the soils and collect samples for laboratory
analysis.
The services performed by PIWAREA ENGINEERING were conducted in a
manner consistent with the level of care and skill ordinarily
exercised by members of our profession currently practicing under
~imilar conditions in the state of California. No other warranty
is expressed or implied.
Thank you for this opportunity to be of service.-If you have any
this Or the information contained
questions
regarding
report
herein, please contact this office at your convenience.
Respectfully submitted,
PIWAREA ENGINEERING, INC.
J~n R. Wilson, R.C.E. #23270 //,~?/~O' - ~-~ ~_
Registration Expires 12-31-93 ~&~~ ~ 'NO No..~z/u J,~tt23270
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
REFERENCES
California Division of Mines and Geology, 1964, Geologic
Map of California, Bakersfield Sheet.
Kern County Water Agency, 1991, Water Supply Report,
September 1992.
Kern County Water Agency, 1991, Report on Water
Conditions-Improvement District No. 4, February 1992.
Tri-Regional Board Staff Recommendations fOr Preliminary
Evaluation and Investigation of Underground Tank Sites
California Water Resources Control Board, 1989, LUFT
Manual Guidance Document.
California Water Quality Control Board-Central Valley
Region, Compilation of Water Quality Goals, October 1991.
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EXPANDED SITE CHARACTERIZATION
CALIFORNIA SHEET METAL
APPENDIX A
Laboratory Reports and Chain-of-Custody
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m
C
m
NORTH
SCALE'I'% I0'
W TM
II II
· 'IFIGURE 3
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AbPENDIX A
Laboratory R~ports and Chain-of-Custody
RECEIVED
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons
MAR g,~ 1993
W,Lov,, ~ no~vC. INC.
WILSON &ASSOCIATES
'2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA '93301
Attn.: JOHN R..WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab ~: 93-02148-1
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-1 ® 20' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 0900 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T. Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Constituents
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas)
Date Sample
.Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
None Detected
None Detected
None Detected
None Detected
None Detected
ma/kg
mg/kg
ma/kg
mg/kg
ma/kg
Minimum
Reporting
Level
0.005
0.005
0~005
0.0!:
California D.O.H.S. Cert. ~1186
Department Supervisor .
41 OD Atlas Ct. · Bakersfield, CA 93308 · (805) 327~491 I · FAX (805) 327-1918
LABORATORIES, InC. Bakersfield, Califdrnia 93308 CHAIN OF CUSTODY
- . ~ '' o o 0
~ ..
· ' ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Matrix(S) Soil (SE) Sludge
~ ~ (W) Water (Other)
~ ~ ~ ~ .~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Samples rec. cold (y/n)
~ Custody Seals (y/n)
'" ~ Date & Time
~ q q m q / ~umbor and
~ 5' ~'~ ~ ~ , ~ Container Type
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. 'WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab #: 93-02148-2
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET blETAL: B-1 @ 30' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 0915 S;LMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T, Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
completed:
03/19/93
Analysis Reporting
Constituents Results Units
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas)
Minimum
Reporting
Level
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.'01'
California D.O.H.S. Cert. ~1186
Department Supervisor
4100Ar~as CC. · Bakersfield, CA 93306) · (8C)~) 327~491 I · FAX (BCb--] 327-1 91 8
[OI~ATORIES
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab ~: 93-02148-4
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-1 ® 50' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 0945 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T~ Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
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Minimum
Analysis Reporting Reporting
Constituents Results Units Level
Benzene 0.064 mg/kg 0.'005
Toluene 0.029 mg/kg 0.005
Ethyl Benzene None Detected mg/kg 0~005
Total Xylenes ~0.015 mg/kg 0.'011
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas) None Detected mg/kg 1.
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California D'.O.H.S. Cert. #1186
Department Supervisor
410OAtlas Ct. · Bakersfield, CA 93308 · (805) 327~4911 · FAX (805) 327-1 @18
I_~OI~ATOF~IES
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA. 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab ~: 93-02148-5
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-2 ® 20' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 1030 SAI~PLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L~U.F.T~ Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
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Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Constituents
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas)
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
Minimum
Reporting
Level
0.005
0.005
0.005
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I
California D.O.H.S. Cert. $1186
Department Supervisor
4100Atlas Ct. · Bakersfield, CA 93308 · (805) 327~491 I · FAX (805) 327-191B
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA' 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab ~: 93-02148-7
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-2 @ 35' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 1100 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T~ Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Constituents
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum.
Hydrocarbons (gas)
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
0,079 mg/kg
0,11 mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
0,090 mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
Minimum
Reporting
Level
0;005
.~o.;0o5
0;'00.5
0 ,'01~
1,
California D.O.H.S. Cert. #1186
Department Supervisor
41 O0 Atlas Ct. · Bakersfield, CA 93308 · (805) 327~4911 · FAX (805) 327-1 918
IL~BO~ATORIES
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab #: 93-02148-8
Sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-31 ® 30' (SOIL) 03-08-93 @ 1200 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T~ Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Constituents
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
Minimum
Reporting
Level
Benzene None Detected mg/kg 0.005
· Toluene None Detected mg/kg 0.005
Ethyl Benzene None Detected mg/kg 0'~005
Total Xylenes None Detected mg/kg 0.01;
Total Petroleum' ~
Hydrocarbons (gas) None Detected mg/kg 1.
California D.O.H.S. Cert. ~1186
Department: Supervisor
4100Atlas Ct. · Bakersfield, CA 93308 · (805) 327~91 I · FAX (805-] 327-1918
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON.& ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" STREET
BAKERSFIELD, CA 193301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab %: 93-02148-9
sample Description: CALIF. SHEET METAL: B-3 ® 40' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 1215 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD: TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T: Manual Method - Modified EPA 8015
Individual constituents by EPA Method 5030/8020.
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Constituents
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
Minimum
Reporting
Level
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I
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas)
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
0.005
,<0.005
0~005
0.01,
1.
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I
California D.O.H.S. Cert. %1186
Department Supervisor
4100Atlas Ot.. Bakersfield, (~A 93308 · (80b--) 327~491 I · FAX (E)Ob--) 327-191B
!
ILABORATORIES
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons
WILSON & ASSOCIATES
2217 "E" 'STREET .
BAKERSFIELD, CA 93301
Attn.: JOHN R. WILSON
323-6460
Date of
Report: 03/22/93
Lab ~: 93-02148-10
Sample Descript£on:~ CALIF. SHEET METAL: B~3 ® 50' (SOIL) 03-08-93 ® 1230 SAMPLED BY
J.R. WILSON
TEST METHOD:
TPH by D.O.H.S. / L.U.F.T. Manual Method-- Modified EPA 8015 ~
Individual constituents bY. EPA Method 5030/8020. ' ~i.-~i{
Sample Matrix: Soil
Date Sample
Collected:
03/08/93
Date Sample
Received ® Lab:
03/08/93
Date Analysis
Completed:
03/19/93
Constituents
Analysis Reporting
Results Units
Minimum
Reporting
Level
Benzene
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
Total Xylenes
Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (gas)
0.11 mg/kg
0.027 mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
0.045 mg/kg
None Detected mg/kg
0. 005
0.,005
0.005
0.01'
1.
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California D.O.H.S. Cert. #1186
Department: Supervisor
4100Atlas CC. · Bakersfield, GA 93308 · (BOb-) 327~491 I · FAX (BOb--) 327-1918