HomeMy WebLinkAboutBUSINESS PLAN/
02/12/2001 14:08
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805-664-3194
CSUB POLICE DEPT
PAGE 01
-.
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CITY OF BAKERSFIELD FIRE DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
ROLLING POWER OUTAGE
SURVEY
H
facility have a back: up power supply?
Noð '
, does back up generator supply power to all critical systems. valves, vents, a1arms~
tor, pho.....J .. ~ bb ~
No {;7 Other~'explain' e'Jp.rtJ\. ~rr~ ' ~
electric~ower loss cause a fi~~ ~xplosion, or unplanned release of a chemical?
NoÇl tJ(\~ ~().~
d electric power, or telecommunication loss prevent the business from contacting
ency fCS1O~ders?
NoCJ""
business prepared 8 contingency plan in the event of a rolling power outage?
NoCJ
6. percentage of your business is electrical dependant? '
LJ I s than 5% c:J 5% to 10% 026% to 50%
(j 5 % to 75% a over 75% 1ft 100%
11~( c2 ·I)'~\
Date·
ete and return this survey no later than Feb..uary 11, 1001, to the following
number.
Bakersfield City Fire Department
Office of Environmental Services
1715 Chester Avenue» Suite 300
Bakersfield, Ca 93301
Fax: 661-326-0576
FIRE CHIEF
RON FRAZE
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
2101 "H" Street
Bakersfield, CA 93301
VOICE (661) 326-3941
FAX (661) 395-1349
SUPPRESSION SERVICES
2101 "H" Street
Bakersfield, CA 93301
VOICE (661) 326-3941
FAX (661) 395-1349
PREVENTION SERVICES
1715 Chester Ave.
Bakersfield, CA 93301
VOICE (661) 326-3951
FAX (661) 326·0576
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
1715 Chester Ave.
Bakersfield, CA 93301
VOICE (661) 326-3979
FAX (661) 326·0576
TRAINING DIVISION
5642 Victor Ave.
Bakersfield, CA 93308
VOICE (661) 399-4697
FAX (661) 399·5763
--
-
January 23,2001
Barbara Brenner
CSUB
9001 Stockdale Hwy
Bakersfield Ca 93311
Dea~:g~·
Within California"approximately 130,000 businesses are involved in the
manufacturing, use, storage and/or transport of hazardous materials. In the
event of a rolling power outage, a hazardous materials facility or handler
may experience an operational event that could potentially result -ih the
accidental release of a hazardous substance. Such a release could cause or
contribute to the loss of life, serious injury, environmental pollution or
property damage.
To assess the potential for a accidental release, the Bakersfield Fire
Department Office of Environmental Services is requesting your
assistance in completing the enclosed survey and returning the survey no
later than February 12, 2001.
Sincerely,
-<1~
Ralph E. Huey, Director
Office of Environmental Services
REH/dm
enclosure
"Y~ de, W~ ~.AtJPe g'"'~ .A W~'I'I
~_~---..:i;'
Þ:::
e
e
CITY OF BAKERSFIELD FIRE DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
ROLLING POWER OUTAGE
SURVEY
Name of Business
Address
1. Does your facility have a back up power supply?
YesO NoO
2. If yes, does back up generator supply power to all critical systems, valves, vents, alanns,
monitor, phones? "
"
Yes 0 No 0 Other,·explaiÌ1
3.
Could electrical power loss cause a fire, explosion, or unplanned release of ~ chemical?
YesO NoO
4. Would electric power, or telecommunication loss preverit the business from contacting,
emergency responders? '
YesO NoD
5. Has your business prepared a contingency plan in the event of a rolling power outage?
YesO NoO
6. What percentage of your business is electrical dependant? .
o less than 5% 0 5% to 10% 026% to 50%
051%t075% o over 75% 0100%
Authorized Representative
Date
Please complete and return this survey no later than February 12, 2001, to the following
address or fax number.
Bakersfield City Fire Department
, Office of Environmental Services
1715 Chester Avenue, Suite 300
Bakersfield, Ca 93301
'Fax: 661-326-0576
.,....;
.-
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Environmental Health & Safety
California State University, B~kersfield
9001 Stockdale Highway
Bakersfield, California 93311-1099
July 9, 1999
.~
805/664-2066
FAX 805/664-3194
Esther Duran
Bakersfield Fire Department
Environmental Services Division
1715 Chester Ave.
Bakersfield, CA 93311
Dear Esther,
I have enclosed several changes to the hazardous materials inventory for Callfomia State
University. Please let me know if you need any additional information.
Sincerely,
ßh-~ ~r
Barbara Brenner
Hazardous Materials / Safety Coordinator
" Attitude Makes the Difference"
The California State University· Bakersfield· Chico· Dominguez Hills· Fresno· Fullerton· Hayward· Humboldt· Long Beach· Los Angeles - Maritim8 Academy
Monterey Bay· Northridge . Pomona· Sacramento - San Bernardino - San Diego· San Francisco· San Jose· San Luis Obispo· San Marcos· Sonoma· Stanislaus
e
e
I, ~~ ~ Do hereby certify that I have
(Typa@rprint Mimi)
U'eyiewed ~he attached hazardous ma.terials manage-
ment plan lor Q/Q, S;,,1t ~l ~and that it along with
(Nal\10 01 e
any cofT~ctions constitute a complete BInd corrsd man-
agement plan ioU' my ~cmiy.
~!h,!~ ~I
Signature
J4 -q')
()a¡9
~·,.,.:,..,:~':-:~-t:"'~"'~~-~~·-"f.~~Y:l""~.';~~~\~:.~,-:"",,,,,~-:~-..' -,.,,'. .-:-.~ ,- . - 'IiI-
. "ñ. Lf~ "'=.' . .... BAKERSFIELD. CITY FI,RE DEPARTMENT
.' . HAZAR~US MATERIALS INVENT.
q DOl S\l)GÌ\d~ i{
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. . "þage.Lof_
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Address
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CHEMICAL OESCRIPTlON
\ IfoI'IemJRYSTA11JS: N_ I J AddItIon 18.. Revision I J
~ Common NIUM: rv(1) çx:.1J'vL.
~ (\)\')(W\(>
DeletIon I J
Chedcif cMm"U. a NON i'RAœ SECRET" {.1'" TRACE SECREr I J
3) DOT # <.....'
C~Nwne:
AHM( J
CAS#'
} PHYSICAL & HEALTH
HAZARD CATEGORIES
, WASTE CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL
Fire r{.. Reactive I Sudden Release of Press1ft' [, I
(3-digit cocIefrom DHS Form 80221
HEALTH
IrnmecIIà HuIItr (Acute) I J ~ H..aIt(Chronic) [ J
USE CODE
; PHYSICAL STATE
Solid [] Uquid, [ Gas I)Ó
PUnt D4 MixIunt I J W_ [J
~'I]
0fEQ(AI.L THAT APfiIIL.,
) AMOUNT AND TIME AT FACIUTY AI} ð,
MaimumOaily Amount: ,-I "'
Average Dally Amount: ~ 50
A' nnUai, A~um: ~~
Largest Size Container:
II Daw On Site
UNITS OF MEASURE
Ibs [ ] gai ~ 1t3 [ J
CUll"' [ J
8) STORAGE CODeS
a) Container:
b) Preuure:
c) Tempel1ltUr8:
03
0;)"",
0,-/
Cirde Which Months: ~ J. F, M. A. M. J. J. A. S. O. N. D
} MIXTURE: Ust
the three most nazatdous 1 )
cnemlC8l comoonems or
any AHM components :1)
~ COMPONENT
, (ù~_L
CAS #
%WT
lOO
AHM
[
[ I
[ I
I
I
i¡
J)
J) Location 'fAC.Ü· ~ ~(
À{\~ !'\tJ1 CA~ i \(~CJNe-rI \-
-- - ,
T
CHEMICAL DESCRIPT10N
; INVENTORY STAruS: ,~ew 'b(¡ ~ddrtJon [ ¡ RevIsion ¡ ] Deletion ( ! Check if chemical is a NON TRADE SECRET [ J TRADE SECRET [ 1
--
ì Com~on Name: c\)t~ 'þ 3) COT # (optIOnal) !
I
1
ChemICal Name: ~e:_ ' AHM ( ] CAS # I
I
!
; PHYSICAL & HEALTH PHYSICAL HEALiH !
HAZARD CATEGORIES ;:¡re rtJ Rea.c:Uw-1 J Sudden Releas&ofPressure' [ J ImmeclÌ8hl Heailtl (Acute) [ ] DeI8yed Heaith (Chronic) [ ] I
-------------- --- -- i
) WASTE CLASSIFICATION I,3-dign code from DHS Form 80221 USE CODE
-----
) PHYSICAL STATE Solid [ ! 'jquld þ(J Gas ( ! p·.Jre [)C¡ Mixture [ ] Waste [ I Flaclioactrve [ ]
·~FacAlL :-UA'~'
¡ ,MOUNT AND TIME" FAC'UN =1£ JNITS OF IAEASURE 8) STORAGE CODES
, . 'Aulmum Dllllv Amount: 0 ¡~s [ ! ;111 XI] :'1:3 [ J a) Container: OJ...
:'veraqa 011111/ Amount: cunn, [ J b) Pressure: OJ
Annual Amount: c T empeflltUl'8: ()'-f \
'..Mgest Size Container: '1DO
,. Days On Site :.2.ioS C¡rcle Which MonthS: '0elll. J. F, ,'.1, Ä. M, J. J. A. 5. C. D I
,'j. ¡
--~ ,
¡MIXTURE: Ijst rt 1'SL.\ ,~COMPONENT CAS # 0/0 WT AHM I
:ne Inree most nazaraous 1) /OD [ I I
chemICal comoonems or I
any AHM components 2) [ I
, J} [ I I
- ¡
I: fMðûV1~ bQJ1erator æ, Sr~UtJ G\~\OLtvv
?)l.oClllion
u. . una., O&naJ of raw. mat 1 ,,/!V.' elSOnaJI1 examtneo anti am Tamil/fIT w,m rhe'fn :; on m/s fITJØ tJJ ~ aocumema. I, OeJ/.ve me
] ,~ ~. ' . ry p y
",...... rnformtlr ,:; aue(')cCUI1IIa. and campiela.
1:__9Jl'~(> cc:...__\"')r~r_-
li7 Nam.d, fiilt.a; Authørii.a CarrpenyRe"._...w",.,
~~~\b~
Si~
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í CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY BAK ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë SiteID: 215-000-000921 ¡
íë Inventory Item 0003 ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë Facility Unit: CENTRAL PLANT BLDG 11 i
íëë COMMON NAME / CHEMICAL NAME ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o TURBINE OIL 0 Days On Site 0
o 0 365 0
o Location within this Facility Unit
o CENTRAL PLANT
Map:
Grid:
ûááááááááááááááááÇ
o CAS # 0
o
o
o
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íë STATE ëîë TYPE ëëëîëë PRESSURE ëëëî TEMPERATURE ëëîëëëë CONTAINER TYPE ëëëëë¡
o Liquid 0 Pure 0 Ambient 0 Ambient 0 DRUM/BARREL-METALLIC 0
åëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëî AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o Largest Container 0 Daily Maximum 0 Daily Average 0
o 55.00 GAL 0 55.00 GAL 0 55.00 GAL 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o %Wt. 0 0 RSo CAS # 0
o 100.000Turbine Oil 0No 0 80208350
åëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARD ASSESSMENTS ëëëîëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëîëëëëë¡
0TSecretO RSoBioHazo Radioactive/Amount 0 EPA Hazards 0 NFPA 0 USDOT# 0 MCP 0
o No 0No 0 No 0 No/ Curies 0 F DH 0 / / / 0 0 Low 0
åëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëüëëëëëj
íë Inventory Item 0011 ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë Facility Unit: CORPORATION YARD BLDG 37 ¡
íëëCOMMON NAME/ CHEMICAL NAME ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
H ~__'1'OOF~ C:JU~IJriEL FER'rILIZE;R 0 D~ys On Si~e 0
: :S'LlY)pto, 'h' th' F '1' U' t . Gr1' d'. : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-:~~ç'
ocat1on W1t 1n 1S aC1 1ty n1 Map: uaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
o WAREHOUSE 0 CAS # 0
o 0 7722-76-1 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íë STATE ëîë TYPE ëëëîëë PRESSURE ëëëî TEMPERATURE ëëîëëëë CONTAINER TYPE ëëëëë¡
o Solid 0 Mixture 0 Ambient 0 Ambient 0 BAG 0
åëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëî AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o Largest Container 0 Daily Maximum 0 Daily Average 0
o LBS 0 8000.00 LBS 0 4000.00 LBS 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARDOUS COMPONEN~c ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o 0 Wt 0 - -2. ~ 4"0:.0 ..~¿":'--;.th,\:;::;~ 0 RSo CAS # 0
1> . _> _ _~_8____.. '""
o 4-Q 00 0 'ßmmOT"l; 11m P'h/"\<:!r'h;:¡t-p. MnTlobasic---. - '-- - ----?i~:.::. -' 0No 0 77227610
o 40.00nAææoRi1:lIR .sulfate "'-- :':---.-~,-- 0No 0 77832020
o 20 OOoPot.ash >¡.. --. -; 0No 0 5840870
äëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARD SSESSMENTS ëëëîëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëîëëëëë¡
0TSecretO RSoBioHazo Radioactive/Amou 0 EPA Hazards 0 NFPA 0 USDOT# 0 MCP 0
o No 0No 0 No 0 No/ Curie IH 0 / / / 0 0 Low 0
äëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëè"üëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëüëëëëëj
J% ;(0,\ c\M10-&
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F CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY BAK
p= Inventory Item 0004
COMMON NAME / CHEMICAL NAME
"
SiteID: 215-000-000921 ì
Facility Unit: CORPORATION YARD BLDG 37 ì
STATE - TYPE
Solid Pt:ìre--
Grid:
DaysJ~~__s~e
- -'- -:::: ":~...", , '.. .... -
- '5> _--:::!". -..::._ , =.___- ~_ ~.~
/~AS# - /
7783--z
\;
Location within
WAREHOUSE \
\
\
%Wt.
J:.e g . 0 G- Ammonium
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Daily Maximum
';~y-- ' ~ ~--~ 0 0 . (yO LBS_
\..' . ~ -% ....-.
"_ Daily Average
J-_-~~ ~9n00 (;I1) LBS
Largest Container
LBS
--
RS
No
CAS #
1-7ß3202
No
HAZARD ASSESS
Radioactive/Amount EPA
No/ Curies
USDOT#
MCP
Min
RS
p= Inventory Item 0024
= COMMON NAME / CHEMICAL NAME
- ----ARGON- ---_
Facility Unit: CORPORATION YARD BLDG 37 ì
~ ,---.-- - ~--~:. -.. .- -
-- --.- -
__ Q~y~ gn S_~t~__~ ~
365
Location within this Facility Unit
GROUNDS SHOP - REAR EXTERIOR
Map:
Grid:
CAS #
7440-37-1
- TYPE
Pure
PRESSURE ---- TEMPERATURE
Above Ambient Ambient
CONTAINER TYPE
PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER
Largest Container
250.00 FT3
AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION
Daily Maximum
250.00 FT3
Daily Average
125.00 FT3
HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
~
CAS # I
7440371
I ~Wt I
l~O.ÖO Argon
T~cret RS BioHaz Radioactive/Amount EPA Hazards NFPA USDOT# MCP
No No No No/ Curies F P IH / / / Min
HAZARD ASSESSMENTS
-6-
06/21/1999
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í CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY BAK ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë SiteID: 215-000-000921 ¡
íë Inventory Item 0012 ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë Facility Unit: CENTRAL PLANT BLDG 11 ¡
íëë COMMON NAME / CHEMICAL NAME ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o R-502 0 Days On Site 0
o 0 365 0
o Location within this Facility Unit
o EQUIPMENT RM 115
Map:
Grid:
ûááááááááááááááááÇ
o CAS # 0
o
o
o
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íë STATE ëîë TYPE ëëëîëë PRESSURE ëëëî TEMPERATURE ëëîëëëë CONTAINER TYPE ëëëëë¡
o Gas 0 Pure 0 Above Ambient 0 Ambient 0 PORT. PRESS. CYLINDER 0
åëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëë~ëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëî AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o Largest Container 0 Daily Maximum 0 Daily Average 0
o 207.00 FT3 0 414.00 FT3 0 207.00 FT3 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o %Wt. 0 0 RSo CAS # 0
o 100.000Chlorodifluoromethane 0No 0 754560
åëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARD ASSESSMENTS ëëëîëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëîëëëëë¡
0TSecretO RSoBioHazo Radioactive/Amount 0 EPA Hazards 0 NFPA 0 USDOT# 0 MCP 0
o No 0No 0 No 0 No/ Curies 0 F P IH 0 / / / 0 0 Low 0
åëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëüëëëëëj
íë Inventory Item 0001 ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë Facility Unit: HILLYAN AQUATIC BLDG 45 ¡
íëë COMMON NAME / CHEMICAL NAME ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
c,-----2_ S.oD.I.uM~_HYP.OCHLORITE~ __~~_~__ _ __ ____ ____ __________._~_~~ Day:s On_$i~~L_~__
o 0 365 0
o Location within this Facility Unit Map: Grid: ûááááááááááááááááÇ
o POOL COMPLEX 0 CAS # 0
o 0 7681-52-9 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íë STATE ëîë TYPE ëëëîëë PRESSURE ëëëî TEMPERATURE ëëîëëëë CONTAINER TYPE ëëëëë¡
o Gas 0 Pure 0 Ambient 0 Ambient 0 ABOVE GROUND TANK 0
åëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëî AMOUNTS AT THIS LOCATION ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o Largest Container 0 Daily Maximum 0 Daily Average 0
o 500.00 GAL 0 1000 500.00 GAL 0 500 3~0. 00 GAL 0
åëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë¡
o %Wt. 0 0 RSo CAS # 0
o 12.000Sodium Hypochlorite 0No 0 76815290
åëëëëëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëüëëëüëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëj
íëëëëëëëîëëëîëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëëëë HAZARD ASSESSMENTS ëëëîëëëëëëëëëîëëëëëëëëîëëëëë¡
0TSecretO RSoBioHazo Radioactive/Amount 0 EPA Hazards 0 NFPA 0 USDOT# 0 MCP 0
o No 0No 0 No 0 No/ Curies 0 F IH 0 / / / 0 0 Hi 0
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06/21/1999
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I PHYSICAl & HEAlTH
I' HAZARD CATEGORIES
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I AMOUNT AND TIME AT FACIUTY
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Annual Amount;
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d~ess Name·
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CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION
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PernaÏt to Operil.te
Hazardous Materials/Hazardous Waste Unified Permit
CONDITIONS OF PERMIT ON REVERSE SIDE
This permit is issued for the following:
~ zardous Materials Plan
round Storage of Hazardous Materials
PERMIT ID# 015-021.000921 ~Q~gement Program
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVER~i,~~ ",', Waste
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LOCATION 9001 STOCKDAL.E<\,,~ -'.
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Issued by:
Bakersfield Fire Department Approved by: _
~ OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SER VICES
1715 Chester Ave., 3rd Floor
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Voice (805) 326-3979 Expiration Date:
FAX (805) 326-0576
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CUST.e & NO. E~- ~46~
MISCELLANEOUS RECEIVABLES ADJUSTMENT
DATE h-9-9~
NEW ACCOUNT;
ADDRESS CHANGE
CLOSE ACCT i
: FINANCE CHARGE I
; OTHER ADJ i Ý
CUSTOMER NAME r A\ ~~e ~~ v ~ te.f~-\·I eJ~
MAIUNGADDRESS gDO\ ~~a.-'€ ~~
CITY fh\-~\O:-ù~\~\d STATE ~* ZIP CODE3~~ \ \
SITE ADDRESS
PARCEL NUMBER
(IF APPUCABLE)
ADJUSTMENT
CHARGE CODE
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ADJUSTMENT AMOUNT
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APPROVED BY ~~.
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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 95616
REPLY TO:
Environmental Toxicology
-.
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PLEASE CIRCULATE
DATE:
November 25, 1981
TO:
All interested persons
,FROM:
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M.W. Stimmann
Statewide Pesticide Coordinator
RE:
CDFA Pesticide Safety Information Series
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In July of 1980 you were sent a copy of the Pesticide Safety Information
Series compiled by the Worker Health and Safety Unit of the California
Department of Food and Agriculture.
A complete set of newly revised leaflets is enclosed.
The 1980 CDFA Safety Leaflets are obsolete and should be discarded.
These leaflets provide information on the legal status of pesticide labels,
interpretation of safety precautions, information on safe handling of
various classes of pesticides, information on safe handling of specific
pesticides, first aid, decomtamination, etc.
This information was prepared for use in training individuals who are
required to handle pesticide chemicals in the course of their employment.
The information is of a general nature and is intended to supplement
information fuund on product labels.
These leaflets should be made available to all employees working with
any restricted use pesticides, and should also be generally available
for employee pesticide education.
MWS:nrw
Enclosure
The ~niY.r'i'Y of California Cooperative Extonsion in compliance with the Civil Right. Act of 1964, Title IX of tho Education Amendments of
1972: and the. R.h.abilitatio~ Act- of 1973 doe,. ~o.t discrimi,"?'. On ,he bas', of ,ace, cr..d, ,.Jigion, co'or, notionol origin, sex, or mental or
phYSIcal handicap In any of Its programs or OC'IV",OS. Inqulrt.. r.garding ,hi. policy may be directed '0: Warr.n E. Schoonover, 317 University
Hall, University of California, 8erkeley, California 94720, (415) 642.0903.
University of Colifornia and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating.
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES
Division of Pest Management, Environmental
Protection, and Worker Safety
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-641(a) October 13, 1981
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Safety Series No.
A-I
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
A-6
A-6 (a)
B-1
-- B-2
B-3
B-4
C-l
C-2
C-3
D-l
0-2
D-3
. D-4
D-5
0-6
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REVISED SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES
FOR PESTICIDES RESTRICTED BY CALIFORNIA
OCTOBER 1, 1981
Title
General Information
Interpreting the Safety Precautions
on the Pesticide Label
Pesticide Storage, Transportation, and
Disposal
Closed Systems
Fir st Aid
Guidelines for Selection, Use, and Maintenance
of Respiratory Protection in Use of Pesticides
Summary of Worker Safety Regulations
Summary of Worker Safety Regulations (Spanish)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Cholinesterase Testing
Organophosphates
Parathion and Phosdrin
N-Methyl Carbamates
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Aldrin, BHC, Dieldrin, Endrin, Lindane,
Heptachlor, Toxaphene, Endosulfan, and
Chlordane (Not Used as Termiticides)
Chlordane, Heptachlor, Lindane, and Aldrin
(Used as Termiticides)
Chlorobenzilate
Fumigants
Methyl Bromide
Chloropicrin
Phostoxin
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Ethylene Dichloride
HS No.
002
711
713
716
632
009
009 (a')
008
003
004
007
696
652
708
006
915
715
714
488
512
')
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Safety Series No.
D-7
E-l
E-2
Fool
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
G-l
G-2
H-l
I-I
1-2
1-3
J-l
K-l
K-2
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Title
Fumigants (Continued)
Ethylene Dibromide (Enclosed Areas)
Liquid Nematocides
1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone. D-D)
Ethylene Dibromide (Field Use)
Herbicides
2,4,5-T and Silvex
2,4-0, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DP, and MCPA
Dicamba (Banvel)
Picloram (Tordon)
Propanil
Dinintrophenol, Dinitrocresol, Dinoseb
DEF and Folex
Paraquat
TOK
Fungicides
Cadmium
Inorganic Mercury
Predator Control
Cyanide
Rodenticides
Sodium Fluoroacetate (1080)
Strychnine
Zinc Phosphide
Inorganic Arsenic
Sodium Arsenite
Avicides
Avitrol
Starlicide
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HS No.
483(a)
467
483
926
927
922
923
924
568
930
005
733
738
754
616
791
739
740
594
928
917
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INTERPRETING THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ON THE PESTICIDE LABEL
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES A-I
. Legal Status of Labeling: Federal and state laws require that pesticides be used in
accordance with the labeling; this includes following the safety precautions on the
label. However, the size of the label in many cases makes it impossible to 'include
detailed instructions necessary for adequate safety procedures for all of the combina-
tions of circumstances and equipment which may occur. Operations in which the concen-
trated pesticides are handled manually present the greatest hazard to the personnel
, invol ved .
Interpretation of Safety Precautions: All of the safety precautions should be inter-
preted as carefully as possible. For example, one would normally, assume that the most
hazardous fumes or spray mist occurs in confined spaces indoors. However, equally
hazardous conditions may occur in open areas if there is no wind. The hazards con-
cerning skin absorption and eye damage exist equally indoors and out.
The greatest hazard during any pesticide application procedure is usually encountered
during pouring and mixing operations where splashing and spilling may occur on either
the skin or the clothing. To protect the eyes from splashing or spilling when handling
liquid pesticides, a face shield is probably superior to goggles because of the personal
comfort and complete face protection afforded. However, when handling powders or dusts,
goggles are preferred since particles will rise under a face shield. Respiratory pro-
tection is needed whenever volatile toxic liquid pesticides or toxic dusts and powders,
are handled. . Closed system equipment is required to be used by all employees _ when
handling category one liquid pesticides with the signal word "DANGER" on the label,
except when used for structural, home, institutional, or industrial pest control.
After a pesticide is mixed and loaded into application eq';lipment to be appl ied as a
liquid spray, the hazards of pesticide handling are usually decreased, and a number
of the more restrictive safety procedures in the labeling are no longer necessary.
However, the employee must avoid working with application equipment that exposes him to
substantial amounts of dilute liquid spray or to moderate amounts of concentrate spray
produced by low volume techniques. If it is not possible to avoid getting wet with the
spray, waterproof clothing and protective devices must be used.
Skin protection for workers is the most difficult problem associated with the applica-
tion of pesticides. At high temperatures in California, the use of clothing impervious
to pesticides may create a greater hazard from heat prostration than from the pesticide
exposure. In the absence of sophisticated equipment such as air-conditioned cabs, it is
best to make applications at night or during the cooler portions of the day when pro-
tective equipment can be tolerated.
Department regulations require an employer to base the training for employees on infor-
mation given on the label. They also require that protective devices be provided to
employees to mitigate exposure hazards shown on the labeling. Protective device
requirements found on a label must be interpreted relative to the real or potent ial
hazard of the situation. This means that, where the conditions of use--such as enclosed
cockpit, boom location, remote control operation, or closed system--would preclude the
possibil ity of significant exposure, the operator is not subject to the protective
measures stated on the label. In effect, the hazard has been mitigated in another
manner.
A table has been prepared by the Californi, Department of Food and Agriculture to assist
the user to understand the department's interpretat ion of the various precautionary
statements on labels and the steps necessàry to, adequately protect the user. It is
provided on the reverse side of this sheet.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-002 Rev. September 16, 1981
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GUIDELINES FOR INTERPRRl'~ PESTICIDE IABEL srATEMENTS FOR PRC1I'æTIVE DEVICE REX:2UIRF1>tEN'I'S
CALIFORNIA DEPARlMENT Œ' FOOD AND AGRIqJL'lURE
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SUMMARIZED IABEL STATEMENl' MIXER-WADER GRaJND APPLI. FIAGGER AERIAL APPLI.
Toxicitv Cateqorv I-II III I-II III** I-II III I-II III
Take precautions necessary to prevent ABC F B C F BCG CH CH C H CR* C
exposure. G H R* GH H R* R*
Protectlve clothil'Y3 or protective ABCF B C F BCG C H CH C H C C
¡ equi¡::ment is to be worn or utilized. G H R* G H R* H R* R* C C C C
Wear clean clothinq. C C C C C H CH C C
AVOld contact with clothing. ABC BC BC C C C ,C C
Avoid contact with shoes. B B B B
Rubber roots or rubber foot roverirgs B B B B
are to be worn.
Avoid rontact with skin. ABC F B C F BCG C G* CH C H C C
GH GH H H
A cap or hat is to be \<¥Orn. H H H H H
An apron is to be worn. A A
Rubber gloves are to be worn. G G G G G* G*
Avoid eye contact. Do not qet in eves. F F F F* F F*
IGoqqles or face shields are to be \<¥Orn. F F F F F* F*
AVOld inhalatwn. R R R* R* R* R* R* R*
A respirator is to be worn. R R R* R* R* ,R* R* R*
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pesticides)
PJwàer ,
do oot have
that a
or
Code
A---Apron (liquids only) - rubber or synthetic waterproof.
B-----Boots or foot coverirgs - rubber or synthetic waterproof.
C--COVeralls or clean outer clothil'Y3 (daily) (required for all etlployees handling Category I or II
rainsuit if beirg wet with spray.
F---Face shield or goggles (use face shield when handlirg liquid. Use goggles when handling dust, wettable
or granules) .
G----Gloves - rubber or synthetic waterproof.
H--Hat - waterproof, washable hard hat or cloth type if laundered daily.
R---:Respirator (face shield is acceptable substitute only \\hen mixil'Y3-1oa:HI'Y3 liquid formulations that
a va¡:or or fume hazard). fbwever, if the label (for methyl branide, sulfotepp, etc.) specifies
canister-type gas mask is needed, a respirator is oot adequate.
( *)---when there is a likelihood of exposure to spray mist, dust, or vapors.
(**)---lbt applicable to (I) concentrate sprayirg in groves, orchards, or vineyards (less than 100 gal/A.)
(2) enclosed greenhouse applications. Fbr roncentrate or greenhouse, use I-II column.
irement
Device
Protective
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PESTICIDE STORAGE) TRANSPORTATION)
AND D I SPOS,L\L
PESTICIDE SAFßTY INFORMATION SERIES A-2
Storage: All restricted use pesticides and unrinsed containers that previously con-
tained these pesticides should be stored or be under personal control at all times.
This means a responsible person must be present in the vicinity to maintain authority
over the pesticides and containers, and to prevent contact by unauthorized persons. If
these pesticides are adjacent to roadways or populated areas, the respons ible person
must have the pesticide(s) in sight.
Acceptable storage includes: (1) a locked enclosure with the fence not less than 6 feet
high, (2) a lockable storage compartment, or (3) a locked truck pr trailer with side
racks, the tops of which are a minimum of 6 feet above the ground.
Pesticides
cç>ntainers
precaution
especially
should be kept in their original containers; they
which are commonly used for food, drink, or household
will drastically reduce the number of accidental
those involving children.
should not be put in
produc~s. This simple
pesticide pOisonings,
A.ll storage areas should be clean, dry, and well-lighted during use. Storage areas
which contain pesticides with the signal words "DANGER" or "WARNING" on the label must
have warning signs posted at all probable directions of approach. These signs should
state, "DANGER POISON STORAGE AREA," or some other similar language, and be readable
from a distance or 25 feet.
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Users should read and comply with the storage requirements on the label. If pesticides
are stored with fertilizers, they should be kept separated 'since they might react
chemically and could result in a fire; there is also the possibility of crop damage or
residues on marketed produce. Pesticides should not be stored near food or feed because
of the possibility of contamination.
It is also good policy to keep an inventory of pesticides in storage.
Storage of pesticide waste products such as old materials or unrinsed containers await-
ing recycling or disposal may require a hazardous waste facility permit. One should
contact the Department of Health Services, Hazardous Material Management Section, for
specific requirements.
Transportation: There are some simple procedures which can be followed to ensure that
pesticides are transported in a safe manner. Pesticides must not be transported in the
same compartment with a person, food, or feed. All pesticides should be transported in
a secure upright position, the opening should be closed to prevent spillage, and all
containers must have some form of labeling attached. This lábeling must be either the
original product labeling or service container labeling. Service container labeling
requires the name and address of the person responsible for the container, the common
name and concentration, the signal word from the original label, and the word "dilute"
if the container is carrying a use dilution.
As a general rule when transporting more pesticides than used for a few days' work, one
should consult the California Highway Patrol Motor Carrier Safety Unit about compliance
with U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations dealing with the transporta-
tion of hazardous materials.
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-7ll Revised September 16, 1981
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Disposal: The California Department of Health Services is responsible for the storage,
transport, processing, and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Disposal sites for hazardous waste are regulated by the California State Water Resources
Control Board and the 9 Regional Water Quality Control Boards.
All containers which have held 28 gallons or less must be rinsed at the time of use.
The user should pour the rinse solution into the mix tank. Many containers can be
reconditioned by recyclers approved by the Department of Health Services.
Finally, users should contact the local agricultural commissioner who will be familiar
with all local requirements. In many counties, a permit or certificate issued by the
commissioner is required before the disposal of rinsed containers.
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CLOSED SYSTEMS
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES A-3
General Informat ion: Hand-pouring has been found to be the most hazardous act ivity
involving the handling of highly toxic pesticides, and has resulted in many seriøus
human illnesses. It is important that each employee who will use a closed system be
provided this information in a language he understands.
Proper use
100 times.
maintained,
of a closed system reduces the potential for human exposure between, 10
On the other hand, if the system is not properly operated, cleaned,
it can be a cause of excess exposure.
and
and
California's pestic ide worker safety regulations require that employees who handle
liquid pesticides displaying the signal word "DANGER" on the label use closed systems.
This requirement appl ies to all employees except those involved in structural, home,
institutional, or industrial pest control activities.
"Closed system" is defined as a procedure for removing a pest icide from its original
container, rinsing the empt ied container, and transferring the pestic ide and rinse
solution through connecting hoses, pipes, and couplings that are sufficiently tight to
prevent exposure of any person to the pesticide or rinse solution. Rinsing is not
required when the pesticide is used without dilution. The system's design and construc-
tion shall meet the Department of Food and A~riculture's closed system criteria.
California's Closed System Criteria: To meet California's requirements, a closed system
must meet the following criteria:
1. The liquid pestic ide shall be removed from its original shipping container and
transferred through connecting hoses, pipes, and/or couplings that are sufficiently
tight to prevent exposure of any þerson to the pesticide concentrate, use dilution,
or rinse solution.
2. All hoses, piping, tanks, and connections used in conjunction with a closed liquid
pesticide system shall be of a type appropriate for the pesticide being used and the
pressure and vacuum to be encountered.
3. All sight gauges shall be protected against breakage. External sight gauges shall
be equipped with valves so that the pipes to the sight gauge can be shut off in case
of breakage or leakage.
4. The closed system shall adequately measure the pesticide being used. Measuring
devices shall be accurately calibrated to the smallest unit in which the material is
being weighed or measured. Consideration must be given to any pesticide remaining
in the transfer lines as to the effect on accuracy of measurement.
5. The movement, of a pesticide concentrate, beyond a pump by positive pressure, shall
not exceed a pressure of 25 pounds per square inch.
6. A probe shall not be removed from a container except when:
a. The container is emptied and the inside of the container and the probe have
been rinsed in accordance with Item 8;
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-713 Rev. September 16, 1981
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b. The Department of Food and Agriculture has evaluated the probe and determined
that, by the nature of its construction or design, it eliminates significant
hazard of worker exposure to the pesticide when withdrawn from a partial con-
tainer; or
c. The pesticide is used without dilution and the container has been emptied.
7. Shut-off devices shall be installed on the exit end of all hoses and at all discon-
nect points to prevent leakage of the pesticide when the transfer is stopped and the
hose is removed or disconnected.
a. If the hose carried pesticide concentrate and has not been rinsed in accordance
with Item 8, a dry coupler that will minimize pest icide drippage to not more
than 2 milliliters per disconnect shall be installed at the disconnect point.
b. If the hose carried a pesticide use dilution or rinse solution, a reversing
action pump or a similar system that will empty the hose and eliminate dripping
of liquid from the end of the hose may be used as an alternative to a shut-off
device.
8. When the pesticide IS to be diluted for use, the closed system shall provide for
adequate rinsing of containers that have held less than 60 gallons of a 1 iquid
pesticide. Rinsing shall be done with a medium that contains no pesticide, such as
water.
e b.
c.
d.
e.
a. The rinsing system shall be capable of spray-rinsing the inner surfaces of the
container, and the rinse solution shall go into the pesticide mix tank or
appl icator vehicle via the closed system. The system shall be capable of
adequately rinsing the probe (if used) and all hoses, measuring devices, etc.
A minimum of IS pounds pressure per square inch shall be used for rinsing.
The rinsing shall be continued until a minimum of 10 gallons or one~half of the
container volume, whichever is less, of rinse medium has been used.
The rinse solution shall be removed from the pesticide container concurrent with
introduction of the rinse medium.
Pesticide containers shall be protected against excesiive pressure during the
container rinse operation. The maximum container pressure shall not exceed 5
pounds pressure per square inch.
9. Each commercially produced closed system or component to be used with a closed
system shall be sold with a complete set of instructions consisting of a functional
operating manual and a decal covering the basic operation; the decal shall be placed
in a prominent location on the system.
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The instructions shall also describe any restrict ions or 1 imitat ions relat ing to
the system, such as pesticides that are incompatible with materials used in the
construction of the system, types (or sizes) of containers or closures that cannot
be hand led by the system, any limits on abil ity to correct for over measurement of a
pesticide, or special procedures or limitations on the ability of the system to deal
with partial containers.
A list of closed systems found to meet these criteria IS available from the Cali-
fornia Department of Food and Agriculture.
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FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES A-4
.
This information was prepared for use in the training of individuals who are required
to handle pesticide chemicals in the course of their employment. The information is of
a general nature and is intended to supplement information found on product labels
relative to the first aid treatment of individuals who become ill while working with
pesticide chemicals.
First Aid for Individuals Who Become III While Working with Pesticides: A person
working with pesticides who becomes ill should stop work immediately, notify the super-
visor or a fellow employee of the situation, and take whatever measures are necessary to
eliminate any source of continued pesticide exposure. Go to a s.ource of fresh air,
remove work clothing, shower completely, including washing the hair, and change into
clean clothing. If shower facilities are not immediately available, remove all contam-
inated clothing immediately and use whatever water source is available to clean the
body. This may be water from a faucet or hose, a jug or other contain~rized source of
water, or irrigat ion water from a canal or ditch. In all cases, DO NOT WAIT - DECON-
TAMINATE immediately. The person should then be taken to the nearest emergency medical
care facility. Under no circumstances should a person be left alone once symptoms of
illness develop, nor should the person be allowed to leave the work area alone.
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If a person collapses suddenly while working with pesticides, he should be removed from
the pesticide use area immediately and given whatever resuscitation may be necessary.
Remember, a sudden collapse may be due to a heart attack or other medical emergency not
related to pesticide exposure. Training of all persons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
as taught by the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association is highly desir-
able. Arrangements for training of individuals or groups can be made by contacting the
local chapter of either of these organizations. Contàminated clothing should be
removed and skin areas washed with soap and water. Use any readily available source of
water as discussed above. Once stabilized (the victim is breathing on his own and not
in immediate distress), he should be transported immediately to the nearest emergency
medical care facility. Rescuers should be careful not to contaminate themselves while
caring for a victim whose skin and clothing may be saturated with pesticide chemicals.
The series of steps to be taken in treating individuals who become ill while working
with pesticide chemicals can be summarized as follows:
1. Stop exposure.
2. Resuscitate (if necessary) and decontaminate.
3. Transport immediately to ,the ,nearest emergency medical care facility.
It is extremely helpful and very important to supply the physician or emergency room
personne~ where the victim is taken with as much information as possible regarding the
circumstances under which an illness began. Know the name of the product or products
the victim was handling or was exposed to, and be able to tell the doctor. If at all
possible, a clean copy of the product label or labels should be taken to the doctor,with
the victim. A clean, empty, labeled container or a sealed, labeled container may Be
taken to the doctor along with the victim.' If a label cannot be taken in with the
victim, write down the exact names of the product and active ingredients, if possible,
to be given to the doctor.
e Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-716 Rev. September 16, 1981
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First Aid for Immediate or Sudden Contamination With Pesticide Chemicals:
chemicals can be absorbed into the body by:
1. Breathing in dust or vapors.
2. Skin or eye contact.
3 . Swa llowi ng .
, .
Some chemicals are absorbed very rapidly, while others are absorbed more slowly. It is
important that any pesticide chemicals which come into contact with the body be removed.
It is especially important to immediately remove any concentrated material or direct
spills of such chemicals from the body.
Pesticide
1. Breathing Dust or Vapors: In the event of a sudden unexpected release of pesticide
dust or vapors into the air, leave the area immediately.
If in an open area, go upwind at least 100 feet away from the dust or vapor. If
indoors or in a confined area, leave the area immediately and go outdoqrs or to a
well ventilated area away from the dust or vapors. If you find someone else
overcome by dust or vapors, immediately move him/her to an area away from the
pesticides, and proceed as described for persons who suffer from sudden collapse
while working with pesticides.
2. If Pesticide Chemicals Get Into the Eyes: Immediately rinse the eyes with water.
It is best to hold the eyelids open and slowly pour water over the eyes; never use a
forceful stream of water directly into the eye as damage may occur. Water flowing
slowly and gently from a faucet or hose may be used. Rinsing of the eye should
continue for a minimum of 15 minutes. If symptoms of pain, discomfort, or visual
problems are present after thoroughly rinsing the eyes, the affected person should
be taken immediately to the nearest emergency medical care facility.
3. If Pesticide Chemicals Are Spilled Onto the Clothing or Skin: Immediately remove
all contaminated clothing. Wash all affected skin area's with soap and water. If
available, a complete shower (including hair wash) is recommended. Use any avajl-
able noncontaminated w.'lter source as discussed ea!"J.ier. DO NOT WAIT - DECOHTAMI-
NATE! DO NOT reuse contaminated clothing until it has been properly laundered.
Pesticide chemicals can eventually penetrate protective clothing even if it is
waterproof. It is therefore important to remove protective clothing immediately if
it becomes contaminated, and replace it with clean clothing. If symptoms of illness
occur after pesticide materials have been spilled onto the clothing or skin, the
affected person should be immediately take~ to the nearest emergency medical care
fad Ii ty.
4. If Pesticide Chemicals Are Swa,llowed: In the event a pesticide is swallowed, the
victim should immediately drink the equivalent of at least 2 large glasses of water
or milk. In most cases, if the victim is conscious and alert, vomiting should then
be induced. This can be done by stimulating the back of the throat with a blunt
object such as a finger or the blunt ead of a spoon. NEVER INDUCE VOMITING IN AN
UNCONSCIOUS OR SEMI-ALERT PERSON. Such individuals should be transported imme-
diately to the nearest emergency medical care facility.
For certain pesticide products, vomiting should NOT be induced; information on the
product label should indicate whether or not to induce vomiting. Regardless of
whether or not vomiting is indicated, the victim should be given water or milk to
dilute any material that has been swallowed. Do NOT give fluids to an unconscious
or semi-alert person.
For adults, vomiting may be induced by administering one ounce (30 1ß1) of ~ of
ipecac if it is immediately available. Vomiting is usually delayed by 15 to 30
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minutes after administration of syrup of ipecac. For children, the dose of lpecac
syrup must be proportionately reduced (2 to 4 teaspoonfuls [10 to 20 ml]).
Do NOT administer salt water or mustard solutions to induce vomiting, as may be
recöm;ënded on some outdated labels. Salt and mustard solutions have been shown to
be dangerous to use for this purpose.
A person who has swallowed a pesticide chemical should be taken to the nearest
emergency medical care facility for observation and possible additional treatment.
REMEMBER: It is important to supply the physician or emergency room personnel with
as much information as possible regarding the circumstances under which the victim
became ill, and to supply a copy of the product label or labels to the doctor when
taking a victim in for evaluation. At least be able to supply the name of the
pesticide(s) involved.
Additional Useful Information: Post conspicuously near all work telephones:
- Telephone number of the nearest emergency medical care facility.
Address aod physical location of the emergency facility.
- Telephone number of ambulance services in the area.
- Telephone number of the regional poison information and control center
serving the area.*
*Many areas are served by regional poison information and control centers. In the
event a worker is involved in a possible poisoning incident, immediate contact
with the regional poison information center will provide professional guidance on
how to proceed in the administration of first aid and resuscitation measures.
Give the center as much information as possible regarding what took place and the
identity of the pesticide products involved. If a victim is being transported to
an emergency care facility, advance notification to the facility by phone wi,ll
allow for preparation for the potential emergency care of the victim. '
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A Partial List of California Poison Information Centers:
FRESNO
(209) 445-1222
Fresno Community Hospital
Fresno and R Streets
P. O. Box 1232
Fresno ,93715
ORANGE
(714) 634-5988
University of California
Irvine Medical Center
101 City Drive South
Irvine 92668
SACRAMENTO
800-852-7221
(916) 453-3692
Emergency Medical Services
Sacramento Medical Center
Univ. of California, Davis
2315 Stockton Boulevard
Sacramento 95817
OAKLAND
(415) 54'7-2928
Children's Hospital Medical
Center of Northern California
51st and Grove Streets
Oa kl and 94609
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LOS ANGELES
(213) 484-5151
Los Angeles County Medical Association
Regional Poison Information Center
1925 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles 90057
SAN DIEGO
(714) 294-6000
University of California
San Diego Medical Center
225 Dickinson Street
San Diego 92103
SAN FRANCISCO
800-792-0720
(415) 666-2845
San Francisco Bay Area
Poison Center
San Francisco General
Hospital
1001 Potrero Avenue, Rm 1E-6
San Francisco 94110
SAN JOSE
(800) 662-9886
(408) 279-5112
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
751 S. Bascom Avenue
San Jose, 95128
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GUIDELIN~OR THE SELECTIONJ USEJ AN~AINTENANCE
OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IN USE OF PESTICIDES
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATON SERIES A-5
General Information: A primary consideration of a respiratory protection program
intended to prevent inhalation of pesticides must be the assessment of the inhalation
hazards to which workers will be exposed. The initial process involves gathering
information concerning the toxicity of the pesticide(s}; determining whether it will be
a gas, dust, vapor, or mist exposure; accurately estimating the concentrations around
the worker; and noting any special precautionary requirements developed through recent
research.
Conditions Requiring Respiratory Protection: \\1hen hazardous concentrations of 'pesti-
cides cannot be removed from the worker's breathing zone, or wherè emergency protection
against occasional or relatively brief exposure is needed, the employer must 'provide and
the employee exposed to such hazard must use approved respiratory equipment. Approved
respiratory equipment is defined as equipment approved for that particular exposure by
the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or the Mining Safety
and Health Administration (MSHA). Only parts approved for the specific respirator
system shall be used for replacement. In some cases, the California Department of Food
and Agriculture makes recommendations which supplement recommendations of these federal
'agenc ies.
'Education and Training: Each employee should be instructed and trained in the need,
use, sanitary care, and limitations of such respiratory equipment as he/she may have
occasion to use. Respirators should be inspected before each use to ensure cleanliness,
that all valves are present and workable, the head straps are in good condition, and the
proper filter(s} is affixed. Employees should be cautioned that facial hair (long
sideburns, large mustaches, or beards) will prevent the respirator from sealing against
the face. The wearing of a respirator under these circumstances causes leaks around the
face piece (negating the filtering mechanism) and only gives the wearer a false sense of
protection. Every respirator wearer should be instructed in how to properly fit and
tes t respiratory equipment and how to properly check the face piece fit. Each wearer
should be allowed to wear respiratory equipment in normal (uncontaminated) air for an
adequate familiarity period, and to wear it in a test atmosphere ~uch as that generated
by smoke tubes or isoamyl acetate (banana oil).
Maintenance and Sanitation: It is the employer's responsibility to provide, repair,
and/or replace protect ive respiratory equipment as may be required due to wear and
deterioration. Rout inely used respirators should be regularly cleaned, inspected, and
sanitized by a person who has had specific training in this area. Regular cleaning and
inspection of respirators prolongs their useful life and assures the wearer that they
are working as efficiently as possible. For personal hygiene and communicable disease
considerations, respirators should not be passed from one individual to the next without
being cleaned and sanitized. This situation can be avoided by providing each wearer
with his/her own respirator.
\\lhen not in use, respirators should be stored so as to preclude conditions which def<trm
the face piece and excessive exposure to dust, sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive
moisture, or damaging chemicals. Any or all of the above will severely limit the
useful life of the respirator. Plastic containers with lids can provide storage for
respirators.
Re~pirators maintained for emergency use, such as canister gas masks and self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA), should be inspected at least monthly to assure reliable
operation when and if needed. These masks also should be cleaned and sanitized after
each use.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-632 Rev. September 16, 1981
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Selection and Issuance of Respirators: Selection of the proper respirator for a given
exposure is critical. If the pesticide to which the worker is exposed is an irritant to
the eyes, nose, or throat, consideration should be given to a full-face mask to also
protect the eyes. Each filter (cartridge) is approved by NIOSH/MSHA for use against a
specific hazard. Cartridges are approved for certain time periods and leve Is of chemi-
cals in the air in the form of gas, mist, or dust. Canisters are color-coded for easy
reference according to Table 1. There are cartridges that have recently been approved
for protection against exposure to inorganic arsenic. As the need arises and technology
advances, NIOSH/MSHA approval is granted to additional chemicals. All cartridges in
this category carry a TC-23C approval number; canisters have a TC-14C approval number.
The correct respirator and cartridge/canister must be specified for each job or type
of exposure, The person issuing them, whether the employer or his representative,
should be adequately instructed and trained to ensure that the correct respirator is
used.
Respirators individually assigned should be marked to indicate to whom they are
assigned. This mark should in no way affect the respirator's performance.
Medical Limitations: Breathing through a respirator requires more effort than normal
breathing. In some individuals, this effort is difficult or sometimes impossible due to
past or present respiratory illness, If an employer requires an employee to wear a
respirator on a routine basis, the wearer should be examined by a licensed physician to
determine that he/she is physically able to perform the work while using the required
respiratory protection. The physician should determine what health and physical condi-
tions are pertinent. The employer should follow the physician's recommendation that the
employee should or should not routinely wear respiratory protection.
Cautions: Respirators do have limitations. They cannot adequately protect a worker
from all contaminants under all conditions. In general, quarter- and half-face dust,
gas, and vapor respirators can be used for protection up to 10 times the Permissive
Exposure Level (PEL). For example, if the PEL of a certain material is 100 parts per
million (ppm) in air, a properly fitted respirator with the proper cartridges would
adequately protect "'a wearer in concentrations up to 1,000 ppm. He would not receive
adequate protect ion in concentrations above 1,000 ppm. However, the con cent ration
limits for a particular contaminant are quoted per TC-23C 'approval numbers for cart-
ridges and TC-14C approval numbers for canisters, and should be cons ide red the final
word as to protection given by a particular cartridge or canister.
Cartridge and canister respirators have a limited capacity to protect against toxic
gases and vapors in the air. Theoretically, cartridges and canisters are efficient
against toxic vapors and gases 'until their capacity is exhausted. Then the vapor or
gas passes through the cartridge or canister and into the inside of the respirator. If
the wearer detects an odor or taste of gas, or feels eye or throat irritation, he/she
should leave the hazardous area immediately and go to a safe area that contains uncon-
taminated air, The cartridge or canister on the respirator should be changed. Because
of the limited useful service life of canisters and cartridges, they should be replaced
daily or after each use, or even more often if the wearer detects odor, taste, or irri-
tation, or if instructions specify more frequent changes. Canisters should be discarded
no later than 30 days after the seal is removed, even if not used.
A rise in canister or cartridge temperature may indicate that a gas or vapor is being
removed from the inspired air. This is not a reliable indicator of canister perfor-
mance. An uncomfortably high canister temperature indicates a high concentration of gas
or vapor, and requires an immediate return to fresh air.
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Respirators or gas masks do not provide oxygen for the wearer. They should not be used
in situations where the oxygen content of air is below the amount sufficient to support
life. In these situations, more sophisticated equipment capable of providing a life-
supporting air supply, such as a self-contained breathing apparatus or an air-supplied
respirator, should be utilized.
Note that a respirat~r protects only against breathing in a hazardous substance.
Impervious protective skin covering is also necessary if the gas, vapor, dust, or mist
can be readily absorbed through the skin.
Information Sources
Several organizations and individuals may be contacted to answer questions arising from
specific instances. These are listed below for your use:
1. Safety equipment retailers - see local telephone directory yellow pages.
2. Department of Food and Agriculture, Worker Health & Safety Unit, 1220 N Street,
Sacramento, California 95814, (916) 445-8474.
3. Cal-OSHA Consultation Service - see listing under State Government Offices,
Industrial Relations Department, in local telephone directory.
Atmospheric Contaminants to be
Protected Against
'Acid gases.
Hydrocyanic acid gas.
Chlorine gas.
. . . . . . . . .
Organic vapor . . . . . . .
Ammonia gas . . . . . . . .
Acid gases and ammonia gas.
Carbon monoxide . . . . . . .
Acid gases and organic vapors
Hydrocyanic acid gas and
chloropicrin vapor. . . .
Acid gases, organic vapors,
and ammonia gases . . . .
Radioactive materials, except
tritium and noble gases .
Particulates (dust, fumes,
mist, fog, or smoke) in
combination with any of the
above gases or vapors .
TABLE I
Colors Assigned*
White.
White with 1/2-inch green stripe completely around
the canister near the bottom.
White with 1/2-inch yellow stripe completely around
the canister near the bottom.
Black.
Green.
Green with l/2-inch white stripe completely around
the canister near the bottom.
Blue.
Yellow.
Yellow with 1/2-inch blue stripe completely around
the canister near the bottom.
Brown.
Purple (magenta).
Canister color for contaminant, as designated abov~,
with 1/2-inch gray stripe completely around the
canister near the top.
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All of the above atmospheric
contaminants. . . . . . . .
Red with 1 /2 -inch gray stripe completely around the
canister near the top.
* Gray is not assigned as the main color for a canister designed to remove acids or
vapors.
NOTE: Orange shall be used as a complete body or stripe color to represent gases not
included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine
th~ degree of protection the canister will afford.
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SUMMARY OF PESTICIDE WORKER SAFETY REGULATIONS
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES A-6
The purpose of the pesticide worker safety regulations is to specify safe work practices
for employees who mix, load, apply, store, or otherwise handle pesticides or enter
treated areas. I~portant points covered by the regulations include:
1. Employees who mix or load pesticides with the signal word "DANGER" or "Ý.IÁRNING"
on the label shall be 18 years of age or older unless closed systems are used.
2.' Employees who work with pesticides shall be given adequate training in th~ use of
the' pesticides. ý."hen employees work with pesticides with the signal word "PANGER,"
this training shall be completed prior to working with these pesticides. Ý.1hen
employees work with pesticides other than those with the signal word "DANGER," -the
employer has 30 days to complete the training; hòwever, the employee shall be
provided with direct supervision at least once every 2 hours during the daytime and
once every hour at night.
3. The employer shall make prior arrangements for emergency medical care, and he shall
post in a prominent place at the work site, or on the application vehicle if there
is no appropriate designated work site, the name, address, and telephone number of
the physician, clinic, or hospital emergency room providing care.
'4. Employees whose exposure periods exceed 30 hours in a 30-day period with organophos-
phate or carbamate pesticides that carry the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" shall
be provided with appropriate medical supervision that includes periodiccho~ines-
terase blood tests. Examples of organophosphates are parathion, Guthion, Phosdrin,
TEPP, Thimet, ethion, and Diazinon; examples of carbamates are Lannate, Nudrin,
Carzol, Temik, and Furadan.
5. An employee working alone with pesticides carrY1ng the signal word "DANGER" shall
have periodic contact with another person at least once every 2 hours during the
daytime and at least once every hour at night.
6. A place shall be provided for employees whose exposure period exceeds 30 hours in
30 days to wash and change clothing after working with pesticides that carry the
signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING."
7. Clean water, soap, and towels for personal washing shall be available at the site
where employees mix or load pesticides that carry the signal word "DANGER" or
"WARNING."
8.
shall provide all necessary protective clothing and safety -equipment.
shall also provide clean outer clothing daily--such as coveralls--for
who work wi th pesticides carrying the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING."
Employers
Employers
employees
9. Employers shall advise all employees of the necessary safety procedures they should
follow and the safety equipment they should use in accordance with requirements on
the label. (A separate regulation requires that a pesticide be used in accordance
with the label; this means that employers must require their employees to follow
safety procedures on the label.)
10. Pesticide mixing, loading, and application equipment used by employees shall be safe
to use. This equipment is subject to inspection at any time.
11. Employees who service pesticide equipment shall be properly infonned of and pro-
tected from the hazards of working on that equipment.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-009 Rev. September 16, 1981
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12. \\1ben pesticides carrying the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" are handled by
employees, the equipment used shall have:
a. Shut-off devices on the exit end of hoses carrying such pesticides from the mix
tank.
b. For applicator vehicle tanks holding 50 gallons or more, an automatic shut-off
device to prevent over-filling, or an external means of showing the liquid level
in the tank (sight gauge, etc.).
c. Shielding on flexible hoses containing such pesticides under pressure and
passing through the cockpit of aircraft.
13. All tanks of pesticide application vehicles used by employees shall have hatches
adequate to prevent spillage when in motion.
14. Closed systems shall be used by all employees who mix and load liquid pesticides
carrying the signal word "DANGER."
15. Emergency medical care shall be planned 1n advance for employees who, enter .treated
areas after pesticide applications.
16. No person shall apply any pesticide 1n such a manner that it ,contaminates the body
or clothing of any person.
17. Supervisors of employees working in areas that have been treated with pesticides
shall be knowledgeable of common symptoms of pesticide poisoning.
18. If an employee enters a treated area before the pesticide has dried or dust has
settled, he shall wear all protective equipment specified for the applicator.
19. A safety interval is a period of time, following a pesticide application, during
which employees shall not be allowed to enter the treated area to engage in any
activity that will result in substantial and prolonged exposure of skin, eyes,
and/or normal wearing apparel to treated plants. Safety intervals for a number of
pesticides have been established by regulation.
20. Entry into a treated area may be permitted for an employee for any type of work
after the pesticide has dried or the dust has settled, unless there is a specified
safety interval in effect.
21. \\1ben a safety interval has not expired, the employer shall orally warn employees who
might enter the treated area not to engage in any activity that will result in
substantial and prolonged exposure of skin, eyes and/or normal wearing apparel to
treated plants.
22. Warning signs must be posted by the farm operator or his agent for the duration of
any safety interval in excess of 7 days that results from the application of
Guthion, Supracide, Phosphamidon, Trithion, Torak, EPN, ethion, Delnav, parathion,
and/or methyl parathion.
23. If a treated area is suspected as having been a source of pesticide-related illness
or of having a high probability of producing a pesticide-related illness, the
director or commissioner may prohibit entry of employees to the treated area,
or require the employer to provide medical supervision to employees who will enter
the treated area to engage in substantial and prolonged body contact with the
plants.
24. No person shall conduct any study to establish a safety interval if human subjects
are to be exposed, unless the director has approved such study.
These regulations are enforced by County Agricultural Commissioners and the Department
of Food and Agriculture.
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SUM ARlO DE LAS REGUL&NES PARA LA PROTECCION DE erLEADOS QUE TRABAJAN
CON PESTICIDAS 0 QUE TRABAJAN EN CAMPOS TRATADOS CON PESTICIDAS
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES A-6(a)
e El propósito de las reglas para la protección de trabajadores de pesticidas es el de
especificar 105 métodos de trabajo que protejan a 10s empleados que mezclan, cargan,
aplican, almacenan" manejan pesticidas, 0 Que entran a areas tratadas con ellos. Los
puntos importantes discutidos en las reglas son los siguientes:
1. Empleados que mezclan 0 cargan pesticidas marcados con las palabras "DANGER" 0
"WARNING" no deben ser menores de 18 años a menos de que se emplee un sistema
cerrado para manejar pesticidas.
2. Todos los empleados que trabajan con pesticidas deben de recibir entrenamiento
adecuado sobre su uso. Cuando empleados trabajan con pesticidas marcados con la
palabra "DANGER," este entrenamiento será completado antes de manejar este tipo
de pesticida. Cuando empleados trabajan con pesticidas marcados" con otra palabra
además de "DANGER," el patron t1ene 30 días a completar el entrenamiento pero
los empleados deberán ser supervisados directamente pOl" 10 menos una vez cada dos
horas durante el día y cada hora durante la noche.
3. El patrón debe de hacer arreglos de antemano para el cuidado médico de los emplea-
dos quienes trabajan con pesticidas. El patrón de be de hacer un rótulo con e1.
nombre, la dirección y el numero del telefono del doctór, la clini ca 0 el hos-
pital que proverá el cuidado y ponerlo en lugar prominente del sitio en que se
trabajan 0, si no hay sitio apropiado, debe de ponerlo en el vehiculo de ap+icación.
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4. Se les dará atención médica a los empleados que se exponen a organofósfatos
on-methyl carbamates' marcados con las palabras "DANGER" 0 "WARNING" pOl" más de
30 horas en un pe1"Íodo de 30 días. La atención médica incluirá analises del
nivel de colinesterasa en la sangre. Unos ejemplos de organofósfatos son: para-
tion, Gution, Phosdrin, TEPP, Thimet, etion y Diazinon. Ejemplos de n-methyl car-
bamates son: Lannate, Nudrin, Carzol, Temik y Furadan.
5. La persona que trabaja sola con pesticidas marcados con 1a palabra "DANGER" debe de
tener comunicación con otra persona cuando menosuna vez cada dos horas durante
e1 día y cada hora durante la noche.
6. Un lugar será proporcionado para cambiarse y lavarse ropas de las personas traba-
jando más de 30 horas en 30 días con pesticidas marcados con las palabras "DANGER"
o "WARNING".
7. Jabón, agua y toallas estarán disponibles para el cuidado personal en el sitio
donde se mezclan 0 se cargan pesticidas marcados con las palabras "DANGER" 0
"WARNING."
8. Los patrones proporcionarán todo el equipo protector que sea necesario, incluy-
endo ropa limpia, a las personas que trabajan con pesticidas marcados con las
palabras "DANGER" 0 "WARNING."
9. Cada empleado será aconsejado sobre los procedimientos de seguridad que debe de
seguir y el equipo de seguridadque debe usar según los requisitos dictados en la
etiqueta del producto.
10. El equipo para mezclar, cargal" y aplicar pesticidas deberá estar en condiciones
seguras para usarse. Este equipo' está sujeto a ser inspeccionado a cualquier
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
Departamento de Alimentos y Agricultura Estado de California
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
__--.--!:l~~OQ9Ça) R=~~se~_._Sept=mbe~.a16, 1981
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11. Personas eneargadas del mantenimiento del equipo usado en la aplicacion de pesti-
cidas serán debidamente informadas y protegidas contra el riesgo que cor'ren al
trabajar con dicho equipo.
13.
14.
15.
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12. Cuando los empleados manejan pestieidas mareados con las palabras "DANGER" 6
"WARNING" el equipo que ocupan en el campo deberá de tener 10 siguiente:
a. val vulas para cortar la corriente en el final de las mangueras que trans-
portan el producto del tanque de mezclar.
b. en tanques vehículos de ap1icación que contienen 50 ga10nes 0 mas deben
de tener un método automático para prevenir el rebosante del tanque 0 un
indicador externo que muestre el nivel del líquido.
c. si se trata de una avioneta que aplica pesticidas bajo presión, y las
mangueras de aplicación son flexibles y estan colocadas a dentro de la
cabina,estas mangueras deben ser eseudidos.
Los tanques de aplicacíon deberán tener tapaderas adecuadas para prevenir el
derrame de líquido cuando están movidos.
Personas que mezclan 0 cargan pesticidas líquidos mareados con la palabra
"DANGER," deberán usar un sistema de mezelar tipo cerrado.
Será planeado de antemano el servieio médico para personas que entran en areas
que han side tratadas con pesticidas.
Ninguna persona deberá aplicar pesticidas de tal manera que puede contaminar el
cuerpo 0 la ropa de otra persona.
17. Mayordomos de personas que trabajan en areas tratadas con pesticidas deberán de
tener conocimiento de los síntomas de un envenenamiento con pesticidas.
18. Si una persona entra a una area tratada con un pesticida antes de que el rocío
se haya secado, 0 e1 polvo se haya asentado, la persona deberáuSâr equipo similar
al equipo especificado para el aplicador.
19. Un intervalo de seguridad es e1 período del tiempo desde la aplicación del
pesticida hasta el trabajador es permitido entrar a las areas tratadas para
obrar en algo acti vidad que envol verá expuesto continuo y substancial de pie 1 ,
ojos 0 vestidos a las plantas que han estado tratadas. Varios pesticidas requi-
eren, por regulación, intervalos de seguridad.
20. La entrada por un empleado a una area tratada con un pesticida es permitido después
de que el pesticida se haya secado, a menos de que el material aplicado requiera un
intervalo de seguridad.
21. Mientras e1 intervalo de seguridad no se ha cumplido, e1 patrón deberá decir
a los empleados que no lleven a cabo-actividades que envolverá expuesto continuo
y substancial de piel, ojos 0 vestidos a las plantas tratadas a menos que vestidos
de seguridad son providos y usados.
22.
Rótulos deberán ser puestos por
exceso de siete días y resu1ta
Gut-ion, Supracide, Phosphamidon,
paration metilico.
los patrones 8i el intervalo de seguridad es en
de la aplicación de las siguientes pesticidas:
Tri tion, Torak, EPN, etion, Delna v, para tion y
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23. 8i se sospecha que un campo tratado ha causado una enfermedad relaciønada con
pesticidas, 0 que al entrar a este campo podría causar tal enfermedad; el
director del Departamento de Alimentos y Agricultura de California 0 el comision-
ario agrícola podrá prohibir la entrada al campo. A veces es necesario que los
empleados entren a tal campo para hacer algún trabajo de larga duración donde
estarán en contacto con las plantas. En ese caso, el director 0 el comisionario
puede exigir que el patrón proporcione supervisión médica para estos empleados.
Además, el director puede especificar que ropa y equipo de protección deben ser
usados por estos trabajadores.
24. Ninguna persona debe de hacer un estudio de nuevos intervalos si,el estudio
requiere personas expuestas -- a menos que el director del Departamento de Alimen-
tos y Agricultura de California se dé aprobación.
Estas reglas serán administradas por el comisionario (County Agricultural Commissioner)
y el Departamento de Alimentos y Agricultura de California.
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CHOLINESTERASE TESTING
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES B-1
The cholinesterase test is used to measure the effect of exposure to pesticides that
contain organophosphates and N-methyl carbamates. At the present time. this is the
only practical means of obtaining this information. This blood test for the presence
of the cholinesteras'e enzyme differs from some oUter laboratory tests in that a
"normal range" of values cannot be used to dec ide whether an ind ividual has had
moderate exposure. Instead. it is desirable to obtain a preexposure "baseline" value
for each person who will work regularly with these compounds. Excessive exposure
depresses test values so markedly that such exposures ,can usually be diagnosed
wi thout previous basel ine test ing. The interpretat ion of cholinesterase test ing
~hould be done by a physician.
If at all possible. baseline blood samples should be taken at a time when the worker
has not been exposed to organophosphates or carbamates for 'at least 30 days. Estab-
lishing a good baseline value requires a minimum of 2 preexposure tests performed at
least 3 days but not more than 14 days apart. If these 2 tests differ by as much as
20 percent, a third sample should be drawn and tested. The individual's baseline is
obtained by averaging the preexposure tests.
All cholinesterase testing for occupational exposure to pesticides should include
both RBC (red blood cell) and plagma (or serum) cholinesterase determinations. The
2 tests have different meanings, and the combined report is needed for the physician
to make a proper evaluat ion. Usually, an acute exposure will depress the plasma
cholinesterase level before depressing the RBC cholinesterase level; plasma levels
will usually recover first. Generally speaking. the RBC cholinesterase level is the
more important to determine. especially in cases of long-term exposure.
The physician responsible for providing medical supervision should decide how often
'cholinesterase tests are to be performed. This decision will be based on a number of
considerations. such as conditions of the workplace, the worker's own attention to
hygiene. the toxicity of the pest icides being used, and the actual durat ion of
exposure. The purpose of the rout ine cholinesterase monitoring is to enable the
physic ian to recognize the existence of excessive exposure to organophosphates and
carbamates and to remove the worker from further exposure before the worker becomes
clinically ill. Physicians sometimes request blood tests every week on persons who
work regularly with organophosphates or carbamates with the signal word "DANGER" on
the label. For employees exposed to organophosphates or N-methyl carbamates only a
few days a month, the interval between blood tests may be quite long. If the expo-
sure to organophosphates and carbamates with the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING" on
the label is reduced significantly by the use of closed systems (mixing and loading).
a less frequent testing interval may be appropriate. The physician may also choose
to vary the test interval according to the test results obtained on a specific
individual especially if test levels are remaining in the normal range.
Laboratory methods tor cholinesterase enzyme determination differ greatly, and
results obtained by one method cannot easily be compared with results obtained by
another. Sometimes there is also considerable variation in test results between
¡flboratories uS ing the same method. Chol inesterase monitoring for a given person
should. therefore, be performed in the same laboratory. using the same method,
insofar as possible.
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street. Sacramento. California 95814
HS-008 Rev. September 16. 1981
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A reported change in an individual's cholinesterase level may result from something
other than a pesticide exposure -- or it may be the result of laboratory error -- but
this should never be assumed to be the case. If a laboratory report shows a worker~s
cholinesterase level has dropped 30 percent below his baseline in either plasma or
RBC, he should immediately be retested. If the second test confirms the low report,
the employer should investigate for the presence of faulty work practices, and take
steps to correct them. If the RBC level drops below the employee's baseline by
40 percent or more. or the plasma level drops below the employee I s baseline by
50 percent or more. the employer should expect the physician to order all exposures
'to organophosphates or carbamates for that person stopped and not resumed until both
levels return to the preexposure baseline range.
Cholinesterase testing must be considered an integral part of the safety program.
This is espec ially important when working with the more toxic carbamate insectic ides.
Carbamates of the N-methyl type inhibit acetylcholinesterase by forming a reversible
compl ex wi th the enzyme. When' the exposure has been to an organophosphate. the
complex is not readily reversed. This, means that with carbamates. blood must be
drawn during actual exposure or not more than 4 hours thereafter. If the drawing of
blood and the actual completion of the laboratory test are delayed beyond 4 hours,
reactivation of the enzyme will have occurred in the blood and the physician will not
know the extent to which the enzyme was inhibited or the seriousness of the safety
problems on the job.
In order to expedite quick reporting of laboratory test results. physicians may
sometimes instruct laboratories to mail copies of results to employers at the same
time they are sent to physicians. Physicians may also, at the time an individual's
baseline is determined. set minimum acceptable levels for both plasma and RBC results
for that specific employee. This will give the employer early guidance to a possible
problem. The employer and all others who are not physicians must realize they are
only following guidelines from the physician, and they must be careful to not assume
the role of interpreting the tests and making diagnoses.
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ORGANOPHOSPHATES
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES B-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing organophosphates. Persons should not
be permitted to work with these chemicals until provided with adequate training in a
language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should be
instructed in the toxic nature of the chemicals, the possibility of any use hazarJ, and
the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Other training
should include, when applicable, the general information available in the follo,,"'ing
safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transpor-
tation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems (for toxicity category 1 liquids);
A-4, First Aid; A-S, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regula-
tions. Regulations require that this information be available to employees for
reference at all times.
Organophosphate chemicals have come into wide use in the agricultural industry because
of their high pesticidal activity and relatively low persistence in the environment
as compared with the organochlorine pesticides. Unfortunately, these materials gen-
erally exhibit a high toxicity toward humans and warm-blooded animals because of their
capacity to interfere with enzymes related to the proper functioning of the nervous
system. Absorption through the skin is a major route of exposure to this type of
pesticide. Extreme care must be taken to avoid contact during the mixing, loading,
and application of these chemicals. Exposure by inhalation or by accidental drinking
can also result in serious illness.
Human Poisoning and Exposure: Some of the acute signs and symptoms of poisoning are:
headache, nausea, vomiting, cramps, weakness, blurred vision, pin-point pupils, tight-
ness in the chest, labored breathing, nervousness, sweating, watering of eyes, drooling
or frothing mouth and nose, muscle spasms, and coma.
Signal Words: The pesticide label will indicate the relative toxlClty of that parti-
cular pesticide formulation to humans. Labels of highly toxic and concentrated organo-
phosphate formulations such as Phosdrin, parathion, Thimet, Disyston, Systox, Nemacur,
phosphamidon, sulfotepp, Bidrin, Monitor, Guthion, Supracide, Mocap, Dasanit, Delnav,
EPN, TEPP, methyl parathion, and Azodrin carry the signal words "DANGER" and/or
"POISÕÑ"8nd the skull-and-crossbones symbol. The signal word "WARNING" is used for
the more concentrated formulations of organophosphates of intermediate toxicity
such as ethion, Trithion, Diazinon, Dibrom (naled), dimethoate, Metasystox-R, Ruelene,
and Dylox. For the organophosphate pesticide formulations of low toxicity such as
mal.athion, temephos (Abate), and ronnel, the signal word "CAUTION" is usually used.
The pesticides underlined above are on the California Restricted Materials list.
Laws and Regulations: If the signal word "DANGER" is on the label, employees must not
be permitted to mix or load liquid formulations of these pesticides except through'
closed mixing and loading systems. Employees using organophosphate pesticides with the
signal words "DANGER" or "WARNING" on the label for a minimum of 30 hours in 30 days
must have baseline blood testing for cholinesterase levels, and are subject to medical
;upervision as required by regulation. These pesticides must be applied with care to
avoid drift from the treated area. Excess exposure of all persons must be avoided.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of FooØ and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-003 Rev. September 16, 1981
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California regulations prohibit entry of workers into treated fie1ds if substantial
body contact with treated plants is likely to occur. The -duration of the prohibition
is known as a reentry interval, and varies wi th the chemical, the crop, and the treat-·
ment rate. These regulations on organophosphates must be carefully compl ied wi th.
'Label Information: In addition to the toxicity warnings, a typical pesticide label
contains statements concerning the type of protective equipment to ,be worn, use
precautions to be followed, symptoms of poisoning, and first aid treatment to be
administered. The user should always follow specific labe 1 ins truct ions. Examples
of these sections of typical labels are as follows:
Equipment.
Use only when wearing the following protective equipment and clothing:
1. Waterproof pants or apron, coat, hat, and rubber boots or overshoes.
2. Safety goggles or face shield.
3. Mask or respirator approved by NIOSH/MSHA.
4. Heavy duty, natural rubber gloves.
Work Rules. Keep all unprotected adults and children away from treated area or where
there is danger of drift. Do not rub eyes or mouth with hands. If a user feels sick
in any way, he should STOP work and get help right away. Important: Before removing
gloves, wash them with soap and water. Always wash hands, face, and arms with soap and
water before smoking, eating, or drinking. After work, take off all work clothes, and
shoes. Shower, using soap and water. Wear only clean clothes when leaving the job;
do not wear contaminated clothing. The employer should ensure that all protective
clothing and protective equipment have been washed with soap and water after each use.
The respirator should be cleaned and the fil ter replaced according to instruct ions
provided by the manufacturer.
In California, the use of a closed system by a mixer-loader usually makes it unneces-
sary to wear a respirator. An applicator using an airplane or helicopter usually does
not need a respirator; however, a ground-rig applicator needs a respirator unless there
is a cab protecting his breathing zone from the spray mist. It is not necessary that
the cab to be completely enclosed to keep the spray mist at safe levels.
Hazard To Bees: The hazards to bees are as follows: (1) high for Diazinon. Dibrom
(naled), dimethoate, EPN, Guthion, malathion, parathion, Supracide, Abate (temephos)
and TEPP; (2) moderate for Metasystox-R, Sys tox, Tri thion, and Zolone; and (3) low for
Delnav, Dylox and ethion.
Other Environmental Considerations: Users of products containing these chemicals
should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards, including: (1) a
moderate to high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a moderate to high hazard to wild
mammals, (3) a moderate to high hazard to birds, (4) a mod~rate to high hazard to fish,
(S) a moderate to ,low potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, (6) a low
potential for phytotoxicity on nontarget crops, (7) a low potential for contamination,
of the water supply, and (9) a low potential for environmental persistence. The use of
these chemicals must be in such a manner that will minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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PARATHION AND PHOSDRIN
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES B-3
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing informat ion to pes ti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing parathion or Phosdrin. Persons should
not be permitted to work with these chemicals until provided with adequate training in
a language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should
be instructed in the toxic nature of the chemicals, the possibility of any use hazard,
and the need for and use of protective equipment and' protective clothing. Training
should include general information available in the following safety series Ie afl e ts:
A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3,
Use of Closed Systems; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; A-6, Worker Health
and Safety Regulations; B-2, Organophosphates; and B-1, Cholinesterase Testing. Regu-
lations require that this information be available to employees for reference at all
times.
Persons who propose to use either of these 2 chemicals should seriously consider safer
alternate chemicals before requesting a permit. In addition to hazards to users and
other workers who might be excessively exposed at the time of application, th~re are
serious potential hazards to field workers who may later be exposed to residues on
foliage in the fields.
Of the cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides currently in use in California, parathion
and Phosdrin are responsible for the largest numbers of the more serious poisoning
cases.
Parathion and Phosdrin are organophosphate pesticides that are widely used in agricul-
ture because of their high efficacy and low persistence in the environment when com-
pared to the organochlorine pesticides. However, these materials exhibit a high
toxicity in humans and other warm-blooded animals because of their capacity to inter-
fere with enzymes related to proper functioning of the nervous system. Absorption
through the skin is a major route of exposure to these pesticides. Extreme care must
be taken to avoid skin contact during the mixing, loading, and spraying operations.
Poisoning can also occur from inhalation or accidental ingestion. (See series B-2 for
more information on organophosphates.)
Human Exposure and Poisoning: Acute signs and symptoms of poisoning include: head-
ache, nausea, vomiting, cramps, weakness, blurred vision, pin-point pupils, tightness
in chest, labored breathing, nervousness, sweating, watering of eyes, drooling or
frothing of mouth and nose, muscle spasms, and coma. Some medical. reports indicate
that a severe single exposure or long-term low level exposure may rêsult in damage to
the nervous system and vision.
These pesticides are very dangerous poisons. They rapidly enter the body after contact
with the skin. Clothing wet with either of these materials must be removed immedi-
ately. Seriously e~posed persons must receive prompt medical treatment or they may die.
Use Instructions: Keep all unprotected persons away from the area be ing trea~ed or
where there is danger of drift.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-004 Revised September 16, 1981
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California regulations prohibit entry of workers into treated fields if substantial
body contact with treated plants is likely to occur. The duration of the prohibition
is known as a reentry interval. and varies with the chemical, the crop and the treat-
ment rate. These regulations on parathion and Phosdrin must be carefully complied
with.
Employees must not be permitted to mix or load liquid formulations of these pesticides
except through closed mixing and loading systems. Any ,employee using these pesticides
'for more than 30 hours in 30 days must have baseline cholinesterase testing, and is
subject to medical supervision. Use when the air temperature is above 8S"F. should be'
avoided since the poisoning potential is much higher when it is too hot to wear protec-
tive clothing. These pesticides must be applied with special care so as to ~void drift
from the treatment area. Excess exposure of persons and animals must be avoided.
Users must handle pesticides in accordance with label instructions.
In addition to the tOX1Clty warnings. a typical pesticide label contains statements
concerning the type of protective equipment to be worn, worker safety precautions to be
followed. symptoms of poisoning, Bnd first aid treatment to be administered. Examples
of label statements concerning protective clothing and equipment are as follows:
Equipment.
Use only when wearing the following protect ive equipment and clothing:
1. Waterproof pants or apron, coat, hat, rubber boots, or rubber overshoes, if skin
exposure is possible.
2. Safety goggles or face shield, if eye or face exposure is possible.
3. Mask or respirator approved by NIOSH/MSRA, when inhalation exposure 1.S possible.
4. Heavy duty, natural rubber.gloves, when hand exposure is possible.
Aerial applicators need minimal protective clothing and equipment. Mixer-loaders do
not need aprons or respirators if using ·closed systems. Ground rig drivers need the
most protective clothing and equipment. Application with hand-carried application
equipment is extremely dangerous and can lead to fatal poisonings; use of such equip-
ment is not recommended.
Do not rub eyes or mouth wi th hands. If a user feels sick in any way, he should STOP
work and get help right away. Adequate soap, water, and towels shoud be available at
the worksite for thorough washing. Important: Before removing gloves, wash them with
soap and water. Always wash hands, face, and arms wi th soap and water before smoking,
eating, or drinking. After work, take off all work clothes and shoes. Shower, using
soap and water. Wear only clean clothes when leaving the job. Do not wear cont8ß\i-
nated clothing or shoes. Wash protective clothing and protective equipment with soap
and water after each use. The respirator should be cleaned and the filter replaced
according to instruétions provided by the manufacturer.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
these chemicals should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to bees, (3) a
high hazard to wild mammals, (4) a high hazard to birds, (S) a high hazard to fish, (6)
a moderate to low potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, (7) a negligible
potential for phytotoxicity on nontarget crops, (8) a low potential for contamination
of the water supply, and (9) B low potential for environmental persistence. The use of
these chemicals must be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
env ironment.
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N-METHYL CARBAMATES
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES B-4
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, incl;..¡ding pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing N-methyl carbamates. Persons should
not be permitted to work with these chemicals until provided with adequate training in
a language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply them should be instruc-
ted in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibil ity of any use hazard, and the
need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should
include, -men applicable, general information available in the following safety series
leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation and
Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems (for toxicity category 1 liquids); A-4, First Aid;
A-5, Respiratory Protection; A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations; and B-1,
Cholinesterase Testing. Regulations require that this information be available to
employees for reference at all times.
This information sheet refers to carbamates containing an ester of N-methyl carbamic
acid. These carbamates inhibit cholinesterase, and most are used as insecticides.
There are some other carbamates which do not contain an N-methyl group, and they do
not inhibit cholinesterase; they are used primarily as herbicides and fungicid'es.
Human Exposure and Poisoning: These pesticides are dangerous poisons. Acute ~igns and
symptoms of poisoning are: headache J nausea) varnI t lng, cramps, weakness, hI urred
vision, pin-point pupils, tightness in chest, labored breathing, nervousness, sweating,
watering of eyes, drooling or frothing of mouth and nose, muscle spasms, and coma.
Overexposed persons must receive prompt medical treatment.
Pesticides containing the more toxic N-methyl carbamates can cause serious acute human
illness and death if exposure is substantial. These pesticides depress cholinesterase
and affect exposed persons in a manner somewhat similar to the organophosphates.
Generally the carbamates are fast-acting, but reversible in effect at less than fatal
dosages.
Signal Words: The pesticide label will usually indicate the relative tOXiCity to
humans of the particular pesticide. Examples of the more toxic formulations of N-methyl
carbamates (toxicity category 1) that have the signal words "DANGER" and/or "POISON"
on the label are aldicarb 10% (Temik lOG), methomyl (Lannate Land Nudrin), and carbo-
fur an 40% (Furadan 4 Flowable). Examples of somewhat less toxic N-methyl carbamates
(toxicity category 2) that have the signal word "WARNING" on the label are carbofuran 2%
(Furadan 2 Granules), some of the more concentrated formulations of propoxur (Baygon),
and mexacarbate ( Zectran 2E and 25W). Examples of carbamates of modest toxici ty (tox-
icity category 3) that have the signal word "CAUTION" on the label are carbaryl (Sevin)
and most formulations of propoxur (Baygon 2% Bait Insecticide).
The pesticides underlined above are on the California Restricted Materials List.
Laws and Regulat ions: Wben using carbamates wi th the signal word "DANGER" on the
label, employees must not be permitted to mix or load liquid formulations unless a
closed mixing and loading system is used. Any employee using carbamates with the
signal words "DANGER" or "WARNING" on the label for 30 hours in 30 days must have a
baseline cholinesterase testing, and is subject to medical supervision.
treated fields if substantial
The duration of the prohibition
chemical, the rate applied, and
be carefully observed.
CalÏforni a regulations prohibi t entry of workers into
bo4y contact with treated plants is likely to occur.
is known as a reentry interval, and varies with the
the crop. These intervals for N-methyl Carbamates must
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-007 Revised September 16, 1981
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Label Information:
A typical label on one of the most toxic carbamates states:
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"Keep Out of Reach of Children
DANGER POISON
MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED. POISONOUS IF INHALED."
Do not breathe dust or spray mist. Do not get In eyes, on skin, or on clothing. In
case of contact, wash skin with plenty of soap and water; for eyes, flush with water
for 15 minutes and get medical attention; remove and wash contaminated clothing before
reuse. Important: When mixing, loading, applying, or otherwise handling, wear protec-
-tive , clothing, goggles, and a respirator of a type approved for protection against
insecticide dust or spray mist. Wear clean clothes each day. Wash thoroughly after
handling. and before eating, drinking, or smoking. Do not contaminate or store near
feed or foodstuffs. pilots must not assist in the mixing and loading operation unless
a closed mixing and loading system is used.
Use Precautions: Working safely with N-methyl carbamates formulated as powders can be
very difficult. Carbamate powder, after mixing even relatively small amounts, can
accumulate on the face of the person doing the mixing. A respirator and goggles are
fairly effective protective mechanisms for short periods of time, but when sweating
occurs, the powder on the face can be carried by the sweat under the respirator and
goggles, resulting in a burning sensation in the eyes and nose. This kind of exposure,
in spite of safety equipment, can lead to poisoning. When the eyes, nose, and mouth are
not protected from carbamate dusts, toxic amounts can easily be taken into the body,
resulting in symptoms of poisoning, usually within an hour of exposure. Powders in
water-soluble packaging can be handled with very little risk, as the package can be
placed directly in the mix tank without opening. Care must be taken to prevent tearing
or breaking the film, and to putting it into the mix tank in such a way that floating
powder cannot blow back at the mixer-loader. When handling such packages, the worker's
hands must be kept very dry. When mixing and loading liquids with a closed system, a
respirator is not necessary. A pilot applicator does not need a respirator; a ground
rig applicator will need a respirator if any spray mist gets near his face.
Skin exposure is less of a problem in poisoning by most carbamates when compared with
the organophosphates. However, poisoning can follow careless gross exposure of skin to
the more toxic carbamates, such as aldicarb. Adequate soap, water, and towels should
be available at the work site for thorough washing.
Users must be careful to avoid inhaling N-methyl carbamate spray or dust; this IS the
major route of poisoning for carbamates.
These pesticides must be applied with care so as to avoid drift from the treatment
area. Exposure of persons and animals must be avoided. These pesticides must be kept,
under lock and key unless a responsible person is physically in charge of them.
Emptied containers must be rinsed and disposed of properly.
Hazard To Bees: Products containing aldicarb, methomyl, carbofuran, and carbaryl are
extremely hazardous ,to bees.
Other Environmental Considerations: With' the exception of aldicarb, these chemicals
generally have a low potent ial for environmental pers istence. Aldicarb and carbofuran
have been found in shallow wells in, Long Island, New York, where water tables were
~hallow and use of these chemicals had been extensive. Studies of well water in
California for these 2 chemicals have not revealed any residues. These pesticides
should be applied so as to avoid drift from the treatment area. Exposure of persons
and animals should be avoided. These chemicals must be used in a manner that will
minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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ALDRINJ BHCJ DIELDRINJ ENDRINJ LINDANEJ HEPTACHLORJ TOXAPHENEJ
ENDOSULFANJ AND CHLORDANE (NOT USED AS TERMITICIDES)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES C-I
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pes t i-
cide users, includ ing pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Persons should not be permitted
to work with these pesticides until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply them should be instructed in the toxic
nature of the chemicals, the possibility of any use hazard, the possibility of any can-
cer hazard, and the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing.
Other training should include, when applicable, general information available in the
following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage,
Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems (for toxicity category one
liquids); A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and
Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available to
employees for reference at all times.
The uses of most chlorinated hydrocarbons have been cancelled or significantly restric-
ted, primarily because of persistence in the environment or because of the product ion
o,f cancer in test animals.
Human Exposure and poisoning: These chemicals, which are known as chlorinated hydro-
carbons (or organochlorines), can cause acute poisoning of man if taken by mouth, if
spray or dust is inhaled, or if they contact the skin. Of this group, endrin and
aldrin have the highest acute toxicity; the others have a much lower potential for
acute toxicity.
If any of these chemicals is taken by mouth, nausea and vomiting usually occur first;
if there is a heavy dose, this may be followed by nervous system symptoms such as a
state of excitement, twitching, trembling, convulsions, and coma. In the case of heavy
exposure via inhalation or skin absorption, the nervous system effects may occur, often
within an hour. Ingestion of large amounts can lead to death; other types of exposure
are rarely fatal. These chemicals can be stored in fat for long periods of time and,
with continued daily overexposure, chronic poisoning is possible.
Some of these chemicals are formulated in petroleum solvents similar to kerosene. In
the case of ingestion or inhalation, the solvent can be more hazardous than the
chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Laboratory animal feeding studies have shown that exposure to most of these chemicals
can result in tumor production. Although such exposure has not been proven to be a
cause of human cancer, this possibility must be considered and protected against.
Laboratory animal studies show endrin to be capable of producing birth defects early in
pregnancy. This effect has not been documented in the human female.
Skin Protection: Employees who mix, load, or apply pesticides containing these chemi-
cals should wear the following protect ive clothing and equipment when skin contact wi th
the pesticide is possible: (1) clean work clothing (supplied by the employer) changed
eachdky, (2) waterproof gloves, and (3) waterproof boots.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-696 Revised September 16, 1981
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If there is a chance of spillage or drift onto the bOdy, a waterproof apron should be
worn. Adequate soap, water, and towels should be available at the work site for
thorough washing. Closed systems should be used by <Ill employees who mix and load,
toxicity category one liquids containing these chemicals.,
Eye Protection: If there is a possibility of eye exposure to any chlorinated hydro-
carbon pesticide, goggles or a face shield should be worn.
Respiratory Protect ion: Employees who mix, load, or apply these pest ic ides should
avoid, breathing mist or dust of the material. To avoid breathing spray mists of
endrin, toxaphene, dieldrin, aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, and/or lindane, the
employee should wear a hal f-face respirator. Employers must provide to, employees
respirators with appropriate cartridges approved by the National Institute of Occupa-
tional Safety and Health (NIOSH) for filtering out the pesticide being used. Employers
are responsible for replacing the cartridges as often as recommended by NIOSH, and
for keeping the respirator clean. When using closed systems for mixing and load ing
liquid formulations, respirators are usually not needed.
Field Worker Exposure: For certain pest ic ides conta in ing chlorinated hydrocarbons,
California regulations require that entry to a treated field must be prohibited if
substantial body contact with a treated plant is likely to occur. These prohibition
periods are known as reentry intervals. For endosulfan and endrin, these intervals are
ll8 hours; for all other chlorinated hydrocarbons with the signal word "DANGER" on the
label, the reentry interval is 24 hours; and for all other chlorinated hydrocarbons
with the signal words "WARNING" or "CAUTION" on the label, the H"entry interval is the
period required for the pesticide spray to dry and/or the pesticide dust to settle.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
these chemicals should be aware 'of the significance of other environm'ental hazards,
including: (1) a low hazard to domestic animals, except for aldrin and endrin which
have a high hazard; (2) a high hazard to bees for heptachlor, lindane, and dieldrin, a
moderate hazard to bees for endosulfan and endrin, and a low hazard to bees for toxa-
phene, aldrin and BHC; (3) a high hazard to wild mammals, except for aldrin and BRC
which have a low hazard, and lindane which has a moderate hazard; (4) a moderate hazard
to birds, except for BHC and lindane which have negligible hazards; (5) a high hazard
to fish; (6) a high potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, except for
lindane which has a moderate potential; (7) negl1ble potential for phytotoxicity on
nontarget crops; (8) a moderate potential for contamination of surface water supplies;
and (9) a high potential for environmental persistence. These chemicals must be
used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.,
Use in Termite Control: For
chlordane, heptachlor, lindane,
leaflet (No. C-2) is available.
the safe lIS(~ of
termite concl"ol,
pest ic ides
a separate
containing
information
informat ion on
and aldrin in
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CHLORDANEJ HEPATCHLORJ LINDANEJ AND ALDRIN
(USED AS TERMITICIDES)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES C-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing these chemicals. Persons should not be
permitted to work with these products until provided with adequate training in a
language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply them should be instructed
in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, the possibility
of any cancer hazard, and the need for and use of protective equipment 'and protective
clothing. Training should include, when applicable, general information available in
the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container
Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and
C-l, Use of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Regulations require that this information be
available to employees for reference at all times.
Human These chemicals are all known as chlorinated hydrocar-
bons organochlorines. They can cause acute poisoning of man if taken bi mouth, if
spray or dust is inhaled, or if they contact the skin. Aldrin is highly toxic, while
the other 3 chemicals have moderate toxicity. On the skin, heptachlor is also quite
toxic.
If these chemicals are ingested, nausea and vom1t1ng usually occur first; if there is a
heavy dose, this may be followed by nervous system symptoms such as hyperexcitability,
twitching, trembling, convulsions, and coma. In the case of serious inhalation or
skin absorption exposure, they may affect the nervous system, often within an hour.
Exposure to large amounts by mouth can lead to death; other types of exposure are
rarely fatal.
Laboratory animal feeding studies have shown that exposure to these chemicals can
result in tumor production. Although exposure has not been proven to be a cause of
human cancer, this possibility must be considered and precautions must be taken to
avoid excessive exposure.
Special Use Instructions for Termite Treatments: Safety Information Series C-1 contains
general use instructions for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Below are safe use recommenda-
tions that specifically apply to use of these chemicals for termite control.
(a) Training.
chemicals.
Employees should be properly trained before beginning to use these
(b) Protective clothing. The employer should provide and each employee working with
these materials should wear clean outer clothing each day, such as long-sleeve coveralls
or shirt and, trousers. There should be at least 1 extra set of outer clothing at the
mixing and transfer site. The employer should be responsible for cleaning or disposing
of this clothing. The person or firm doing the laundry should be informed by the
employer if they receive pesticide-contaminated clothing.
(c) Safety equipment. Each employer should provide, and each employee m1x1ng, trans-
ferring, and/or applying these materials should wear safety equipment including gloves
and boots made of neoprene or similarly impervious material and a half-face respir~~Qr
with appropriate cartridges approved by NIOSH for filtering out the pesticide being
/
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-652 Rev. September 16, 1981
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used. The employer should be responsible for cleaning or disposing of all safety
equipment after each day's use. A respirator is not necessary during exterior treat-
ment by rodding.
(d) Washing. Adequate water, soap, and towels should be present at the work site
to allow for thorQugh washing. Employees act ively engaged in mixing J trans ferring,
and/or applying these pesticides should wash their faces, arms, and hands after any
exposure, before eating, drinking, and smoking, and before leaving the work site each
day.
(e) Change area. Employers
employees who work wi th these
change of clothing at the end of
should provide
pesticides to
the workday.
for a change area, and
wash completely and put
should require
on a complete
(f) Notification. The person in charge of the property to be treated should be
informed by the applicator of the materials to be used prior to the actual application.
(g) Posting mix site. Before mixing, transferring, or applying these materials, signs
should be posted around the mix or transfer site which read, "WARNING--PESTICIDE
APPLICATION IN PROGRESS." These signs should be visible from any direction of probable
approach, and readable from a distance of 25 feet. These signs should not be removed
until the job is completed.
(h) Nozzle and pressure specifications. For surface and trenching applications,
nozzle pressure should not exceed 40 pounds per square inch. Nozzle orifices not less
than 1/16 inch in diameter should be used. For. rodding treatments, pump pressure
should not exceed 75 pounds per square inch.
(i) Application restrictions (to avoid release of these chemicals into spaces where
people work or live). These materials should not be applied to heating equipment or
duct work. No surface applications should be made to any portion of the structure--such
as foundations, piers, or pipes--which is above grade level (that point where ground
level is flush with the foundation) except for spot treatment to the surface of wood
members of the structure, which may be allowed if provided for in the pesticide label-
ing. The soil adjacent to these portions may be spot-treated. Active infestations
or infestations in the soil beneath floor furnaces should be treated only by proper
trenching or rodding. No application should be made in plenum areas.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
these chemicals to kill termites should be aware of the significance of other environ-
mental hazards including: (1) a negligible hazard to domestic animals, except for
aldrin, which has a high hazard; (2) a moderate potential for contamination of the
surface water supply from soil injection treatments if near a shallow well; and (3) a
high potential for environmental persistence. These chemicals must be used in a manner
that will minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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CHLOROBENZILATE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES C-3
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing informat ion to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing chlorobenzilate. Persons should not
be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a
language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should
be instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard,
and the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training
should include the general information available in the following safety series
leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and
Disposal; A-4, First Aid; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Also see
Series C-l for general information on chlorinated hydrocarbons. Regulations require
that this information be available to employees for reference at all times.
Laboratory studies in which chlorobenzilate was fed to animals demonstrated the poten-
tial to damage the testes and to produce cancer. There is still ~ome legitimate
scientific controversy over the significance of the animal cancer findings and how
these findings relate to the human exposure situation. Because of the possible cancer
risks, all uses of chlorobenzilate in the United States were cancelled by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) , except for certain uses against mites on citrus in
Florida, Texas, Arizona, and California as part of an integrated pest management pro-
gram when combined with a strict worker safety program. Studies now in progress may
further modify use procedures. The California Department of Food and Agricul ture
(CDFA) recommends that, whenever possible, safer alternate control methods or use
of pesticides with comparable performance be considered for use in mite control 1n
preference to chlorobenzilate.
Human Exposure and poisoning: The acute poisoning potential for this chemical is
minimal. Animal studies suggest it to be a cause of cancer and capable of damaging
·testes, thus interfering with sperm production. It is possible that, with long-term
excess exposure, man might experience these effects.
A review of the animal cancer studies by the Scientific Advisory Panel to the EPA led
to conclusions that the data was not very convincing that this chemical has much, if
any, cancer-produc ing potent ial for man. On the other hand, it expres sed concern
about the potential for excessive exposure leading to adverse effects upon testes and
possible adverse effects upon male reproductivity; this potential needs more investiga-
tion. The California Department of Food and Agriculture conducted an interview type of
investigation of almost half of the men currently applying chlorobenzilate in the state.
Most had applied this chemical for more than 5 years. All of the data has not been
evaluated in detail, but preliminary analysis has not shown any reduction in the ability
of these men to father children after starting to use this chemical as compared to their
ability to father children before using this chemical.
Informing Employees: Employees who work with this pesticide must be provided with
information on the safe u~e procedures and the recommended protective equipment.
They must be informed of the animal test data, its possible significance to their
health, and the need to avoid excessive exposure.
Use Precautions Specified by the Environment Protection Agency:
Register, Volume 44, No. 31, February 13, 1979, included the
for use of chlorobenzilate:
A notice in the Federal
following specifications
Restricted Use Pesticide: For retail sale to and use by certified applicators only, or
persons under their direct superv1s10n, and for only those uses covered by the certified
applicator's certification.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-708 Revised September 16, 1981
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General Precautions: (a) Take special care to avoid getting chlorobenzilate in eyes, on
skin" or on clothing; (b) avoid breathing vapors or spray mist; (c) in case of contac't
with skin, wash as soon as possible with soap and plenty of water; (d) if chlorobenzil-
ate gets on clothing, remove contaminated clothing and wash affected parts of the
body with soap and water. If extent of contamination is unknown, bathe entire body
thoroughly, and change to'clean clothing; (e) wash hands with soap and water each time
before eating, drinking, or smoking; (f) at the end of the work day, bathe entire body
with soap and plenty of water; and (g) wear clean clothes each day, and launder them
before reusing. '
Required Clothing and Equipment for Application: (a) One-piece overalls which have
long sleeves and long pants constructed of finely' woven fabric as specified in the
USDA!EPA Guide for Commercial Ap licators; (b) wide-brimmed hat; (c) heavy-duty fabric
work gloves; (d any article which has been worn while applying chlorobenzilate, cleaned
before reusing. Clothing which has been drenched or has otherwise absorbed concentrated
pesticide must be buried or burned; and (e) face piece respirator of the type approved
for pesticide spray applications by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH). Instead of the clothing and equipment specified above, the applicator
may use an enclosed tractor cab which provides a filtered air supply. Aerial applica-
tion may be conducted without the specified clothing and equipment;
Handling Precautions: Heavy duty rubber or neoprene gloves and apron must be worn
during loading, unloading, and equipment cleanup.
Breathing Protection Clarification For California: A respirator of the type approved
by NIOSH for pesticide spray applications is recommended by the label. CDFA studies
in c it rus groves dur ing the chlorobenzilate appl icat ion season have shown that the
face piece of the convent ional full-face cartridge or canister gas mask quickly fogs
over and is unusable. It is the position of CDFA, based on studies we have done on
chlorobenzilate that equivalent respiratory protect ion can be provided by (1) use of
a half-face respirator with goggles; or (2) use of a positive air flow respiratory
protection system such as the 3M Pesticide Protection System. Studies in California by
CDFA have also shown that chlorobenzilate does not volatilize while being appl ied, and
that if the spray mist is kept out of the applicator vehicle driver's breathing zone by
(1) positioning the spray equipment well behind the applicator; and by (2) placing a
roof behind him and above him, he does not need a respirator.
Clothing Clarification for California: Application procedures that may result in spray
mist, causing the worker's clothing to become damp, must be avoided. Use of hand-held
spray wands is recommended against. If a special use situation exists, such exposure of
applicators is difficult to avoid, and if an applicator's clothes are expected to become
wet from spray, a rainsuit or plastic coveralls is required. When rain suits must be
worn, the work schedule must avoid times of the day when the air temperature in the
workplace is above 8SoF. unless cooled air is pumped into the rain suit.
Worker Safety Interval for California: CDFA requires that a l4-day period must elapse
after a citrus grove is treated with chlorobenzilate before employees are permitted to
enter the field to engage in any activity that will result in substantial and prolonged
exposure of skin, eyes, and/or normal wearing apparel to treated trees (foliage and
limbs) .
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of thè significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a low hazard to domestic a,nima1s; (2) a low hazard to bees; (3) a
negligible hazard to wild mammals; (4) a low hazard to birds; (S) a high hazard to
fish, crabs and shrimp; (6) a negligible potential for phytotoxicity on nontarget crops;
(7) a moderate potential for contamination of the water supply; and (8) a moderate
potential for environmental persistence. The use of this chemical, must be in such a
manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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METHYL BROMIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-l
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, inc luding pes t control operators and .their employees, on ho~ to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing methyl bromide. Persons should not be permitted
to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who handle these pesticides should be instructed' in the toxic
nature of the chemical, the possibil ity of any use hazard, and the need for and use of
protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general informa-
tion available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label;
A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory
Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regqlations require that
this information be available to employees for reference at all times.
Methyl bromide is sold as a liquid under pressure. At normal temperature and pressure,
it is a colorless, odorless gas, detectable only with appropriate instruments. Chloro-
picrin, a tear gas, is sometimes added to methyl bromide as a warning agent.
Human Exposure and poisoning: There is no specific antidote for methyl bromide po~son-
ing, so prolonged excessive exposure must be avoided at all times. Contact with the
iiquid or high vapor concentrations may cause itching, prickling, and reddening of the
skin and, later, the formation of blisters, which heal slowly. Severe corneal burns
may result from contact of the liquid with the eyes. Most excessive exposure results
from inhalation; the absorption rate through the skin is slow from exposiJre to the gas
and rapid from exposure to the liquid form of this chemical.
Signs and symptoms of inhalation or skin exposure are extremely variable, and it is
difficult to say with certainty which ones may appear first. The effects mentioned
here may occur singly or in any combination. Early signs and symptoms may include
blurred or double vis ion, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, inflammat ion of the
eyes, slurred or hesitant speech, lack of coordination in muscular movement, and
eleva tion of body temperature. Faint ing spells, unconsciousness, or mild depression
may also be present. Breathing may be difficult or stop entirely. Also reported are
occasional changes in the taste of food. Trembling, muscular twitch ing, and convuls ions
are not unusual.
THE ONSET OF SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE POISONING MAY BE DELAYED 4 TO 6 HOURS OR LONGER. AN
INDIVIDUAL MAY RECEIVE A POTENTIALLY FATAL DOSE AND HAVE MILD OR NO SYMPTOMS AT ALL,
THEN DEVELOP SERIOUS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, AND POSSIBLY DIE.
Chronic effects of dermal exposure to low concentrations have produced pimples on the
face, arms, back, and chest (identical to acne in teenage children). Chronic systemic
effects of inhalation or absorption of low concentrations through the skin may include,
in addition to those effects noted above, fatigue or loss of appetite. Exposure may
also lead to nerve damage that may result in changes in personality and the appearance
of being intoxicated.
Use Precautions to Provide to Workers: Read and follow all label instructions. Methyl
bromide must be applied according to federal and state regulations. Full-face gas masks
equipped with organic vapor (black) canisters should be worn when entering any enclosed
area treated with methyl bromide, or when checking for leaks with color-change indicator
tubes or a halide leak detector. Entry should be limited to testing for gas after the
exhaust period if at all possible. Air-supplied or self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) should be used if prolonged exposure is ·required in unknown concentrat ions.
Masks should be properly fitted before use.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Stre~t, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-006 Rev~sed September 16, 1981
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You should not wear gloves, rings, high shoes, tight shoes, boots, overshoes, wrist
watches, adhesive bandages, or tight-fitting clothing when working with methyl bromide.
The methyl bromide gas may be trapped and retained between these' articles and your
skin, and can cause blistering of the skin. If liquid is spilled or splashed on you,
all contaminated clothing, including shoes, should immediately be removed. You should
then wash thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminated clothing should be washed before
reuse, and leather items should be allowed to air for at least 24 hours before being
worn again.
Do not rely on a negative reading from the halide torch for your total safety. Although
it can quickly detect hazardous levels to warn you to leave the area immediately or put
on proper respiratory protection, it is not sensitive enough to detect methyl bromide
at levels low enough to allow safe exposure for several hours. Do not rely entirely
on smelling chloropicrin, if used as a warning agent. Certain conditions may allow
excessive expos'ure to methyl bromide vapors before you can detect the chloropicrin. Do
not work alone. Be sure there is at least one other worker nearby who is fully trained
in the use of methyl bromide and who also has respiratory protection ava,ilable and could
rescue you if necessary. If both of you are working in a potential overexposure area,
you need a third, trained, equipped person who will be able to see you while you are
'working, whom you could ask for help, and who could carry out a rescue if necessary.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to wild mammals,
and (3) a high potential for environmental persistence. The use of this chemical must
be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users and their employees on how to reduce hazards of use of chloropicrin. Persons
should not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training
in a language they understand. Employees who handle this pesticide should be instructed
in the toxic nature of the chemical, any use hazards, and the need for and use of
protective equipment and protective clothing. Other training should include general
information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the
Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems;
A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regula-
tions. Regulations require that this information be available to employees for reference
at all times.
Chloropicrin is a colorless, slightly oily, nonflammable liquid at normal temperatures.
It has an intensely offensive and irritating odor that produces tearing of the eyes at
very low concentrations. It i.s registered for use as a stored grai~ fumigant, soil
insecticide, fungicide and nematocide. It is also used as a warning agent i.n conjunc-
tion with methyl bromide and other fumigants in structural fumigation.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Chloropicrin is a severe irritant and affects all body
surfaces, especially the eyes, nose, and throat. A concentration of I ppm causes a
smarting pain in the eyes, and this, in itself, is a good warning of exposure: Fatal
amounts can be taken in by inhalation or through the skin. Inhalation can cause severe
nausea, vomiting, coughing, and possibly suffocation. Small amounts of this substance
dissolved in saliva and swallowed cause nausea and vomiting, giving it its military name
of "vomiting gas." Its primary lethal effect is lung injury leading to pulmonary edema
(fluid in the lungs). After-effects of excessive exposure may include anemia, weak and
irregular heart action, and recurring asthma attacks.
Use Precautions: Chloropicrin is a toxicity category I pesticide, and requires the use
of closed system handling. Since the vapors are extremely irritating, a full-face gas
mask equipped with a NIOSH/MSHA approved canister for acid gas and organic vapor
(yellow) should be worn when handling this material or entering any treated space.
Clean, body-covering clothing, changed each day, gloves, and apron should be worn when
working with this material. In case of contact with the liquid, one should remove all
contaminated clothing, including shoes, and wash thoroughly, with soap and water.
Contaminated clothing should be washed with soap and hot water before reuse. Shoes and
other leather articles should be thoroughly aerated until no odor is evident before
reuse.
Under certain conditions, chloropicrin may be corrosive. Users should flush equipment
with kerosene or fuel oil, not water. Application equipment made of magnesium,
aluminum, or their alloys should not be used with chloropicrin as it will be damaged
and may allow leakage of the gas.
Public Exposure Hazards: Use In fields must be carefully conduc ted, with attent ion
to proper tarping over treated soil. Users should avoid appl icat ions during periods
of air inversions and all uses near human habitations.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals in the application area and (2) a
high potent ial for phytotoxic ity on nontarget crops. The use of this chemical must
be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
·1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-915 Rev. September 16, 1981
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PHOSTOXIN
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-3
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing aluminum phosphide. Persons should
not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in
a language they understand. Employees who handle "these pesticides should be instructed
in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need
for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Other training should
include general information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I,
Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation,and Disposal; A-4,
First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations.
Regulations require that this information be available to employees for reference at
all times.
Aluminum phosphide is sold as a solid tablet or pellet which reacts with moisture in
the air to form phosphine, a toxic gas. Phosphine is colorless with an odor similar to
decaying fish or garlic. This product is used as a fumigant of grains in enclosed
spaces.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Inhalation of phosphine causes restlessness, fatigue,
slight drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and frequently, severe stomach pain and diarrhea~
There is often headache, thirst, dizziness, and heaviness and/or burning of the chest.
Most exposed persons recover without after-effècts; however, there have been deaths
attributed to inhalation of this material. Chronic poisoning, characterized by anemia,
bronchitis, nosebleeds, abdominal pain, and eye, speech, and coordination difficulties,
may result from continued exposure to very low concentrations.
Use Precautions: Applications should be exactly as described on the product label.
After the area to be treated has been searched for occupants, the treatment area should
be well sealed to prevent the gas from escaping. Workers should wear rubber gloves and
eye protection (goggles) while handling or applying the tablets or pellets, or while
removing residue, to minimize skin and eye contamination. Workers should avoid breath-
ing phosphine gas. If it is necessary to enter an area under fumigation with aluminum
phosphide, full-face gas masks with canisters approved by NIOSH/ MSHA, supplied air
respirators, or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) positive pressure mode must be
used. Reentry should be limited to short periods of time. Respirator canisters must be
discarded after a period of 2 hours of use, even when exposed to lower concentrations.
No one should enter ad area under treatment unless at least one other person is outside,
available for rescue and equipped with appropriate respiratory protection.
This material should not be contacted by any amounts of water or acid. Such contact
could lead to an explos ion of the liberated gases, and result in a fire. Users should
be informed as follows: Do not open container until ready to use. Always open con-
tainer in the open air. If using moisture-permeable envelopes, fasten package to a
substantial support; do not let it corne in contact with the commodity to be fumigated.
After fumigation, remove the residue dust and package; dispose of it by burying the
entire package or immersing it in water to which a small amount of wetting agent has
been added. If dispensing through a probe, have calculations made prior to opening the
package to be sure the application is completed before the release of gas begins. If a
garlic-like odor develops before the application is complete, leave the area. Use the
entire contents of a tube in one operation.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of any other environmental hazards.
This chemical must be used in a manner that will minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, Californ~a 95814
HS-7l5 Rev. September 16, 1981
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CARBON DISULFIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-4
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards of
use of pesticide products containing carbon disulfide. Persons should not be permitted
to work with this, chemical until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who apply these pesticides should be instructed in the toxic
nature of the chemical, the possibil ity of any use hazard, and the need for and use
of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general
information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting
the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; A-5,
Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regu1.ations. Regulations
require that this information be available to employees for reference at ,all times.
Carbon disulfide is a liquid at ordinary temperatures, with a distinctive foul odor. It
is extremely flammable and may ignite spontaneously at temperatures at. or above 2120 F.
(boiling point of water). It is used as an insect fumigant in certain stored grains, as
a rodenticide applied in rodent burrows, and sometimes as a soil fumigant.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Carbon disu1 fide is hazardous both as a 1 iquid and as
vapor. The liquid causes drying and cracking of exposed skin tissues; prolonged
contact can cause chemical burns. Exposure to excessive concentrat ions of the vapor
produces an anesthetic and narcotic effect much more powerful than that of chloroform. '
In acute poisoning, the exposed worker may show symptoms of drunkenness, fo11 owed by
depression, stupor, restlessness, unconsciousness, and possibly death. The effects of
exposure to low concentrations for extended periods of time may include crawling sensa-
tions of the skin, feeling heavy or cold, and a "veiling" of objects, making them appear
indistinct or foggy. Mental symptoms may vary from excitation to depression with
irritability, even to the extent of insanity. These symptoms are sometimes accompanied
by difficulty in sleeping, loss of memory, and personality changes.
General Precautions: Due to the extreme flammability and ease with which it can
explode, potential sources of ignition such as smoking cigarettes, open flames, spark
generating equipment, exposed steam lines, and even naked electric light bulbs must not
be permitted in areas containing the liquid or vapor.
For rodent control, the soil should be moist and tight so the gas is not lost through
cracks in the ground. It is best to apply this material to burrows with a mechanical
dispenser. After application, the burrow should be plugged with dirt.
Skin Protection: Synthetic rubber gloves should be worn by workers potentially exposEd
to the liquid. Since no gloves have been shown to be completely impervious to this
material, prolonged immersion of gloved hands should be avoided. Gloves should be
washed and dried thoroughly each day.
Eye and Respiratory Protecd.oh: For stored grain fumigation, the application should
take place from outside the building. If this is not possible, the applicator should
wear a full-face gas mask with combination chin-style or front- or back-mounted canister
approved for both organic vapor and acid gas (yellow) at all times when working with
C,!l.rbon disulfide. Entry into unknown concentrations or, if absolutely necessary, into
,an area under fumigation requires the use of suppl ied- air respirators with full face
piece or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Full-face shields or chemical
goggles should be worn to protect the worker's' eyes from contact with the liquid,
unless one is wearing a full-face gas mask.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
,California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-714 Revised September 16, 1981
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For use of small quantities of carbon disulfide outdoors for rodent control, a respi-
rator is usually not needed. For nematode or weed control, the chemical should be
shan ked in, and the treated soil should be rolled to achieve an effective soil seal.
The employer should ensure that respirators are adequately cleaned, maintained, and
stored, and that employees are instructed in the use of respirators and testing for
, leakage.
Environme.ntal Considerations Other Than. Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical for large scale field fumigation should be aware of the significance of
other environmental hazards, including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a
high hazard to wild mammals, (3) a negligible hazard to birds, (4) a high potential for
phytotoxicity on nontarget crops, (5) a low potential for contamination of the water
supply, and (6) a low potential for environmental persistence. Proper use of small
quantities for rodent control will not likely cause significant environmental hazards.
This chemical must be used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-5
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing carbon tetrachloride. Persons should not be
permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a language
they understand. Employees who apply these pesticides should be instructed in the toxic
nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for and use of
protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general infor-
mation available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label;
A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems; A-4,
First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations.
Regulations require that this information be available to employees for reference at
all times.
Carbon tetrachloride is a very toxic chemical often used as a fumigant of grain in
storage facilities such as elevators or granaries. Often it is used in combination
with the fumigants carbon bisulfide and ethylene dichloride. It is usually mixed
with ethylene dichloride in a ratio of 1 to 3.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Most excessive exposures follow inhalation; however, some
excessive exposures may follow skin absorption. The use experience with carbon tetra-
chloride indicates that the dose range between the amount that causes the first symptoms
and the amount which causes death is very narrow, making it extremely hazardous to those
who are exposed. This chemical injures most cells of the body, including those of the
brain, liver, and kidney. The immediate effects of an acute poisoning from inhalation,
skin absorption, or oral ingest ion are abdominal pain, nausea, vomit ing, dizziness,
confusion, unconsciousness, slowed breathing, and a decrease in blood pressure. As the
poisoning progresses, coma, liver damage, or kidney damage may appear independently or
collectively in an individual. The time interval between onset of the first symptoms
and death can be less than 5 minutes in cases of serious overexposure. In cases of
chronic poisoning, such as by inhalation or skin absorption, the above symptoms occur
but are less severe. Commonly, overexposed individuals feel euphoric (very good or
"high"), and exhibit drunken behavior. Dermatitis may result from repeated low dose
skin exposures.
Tests in mice show that exposure to this chemical can produce liver tumors. The signi-
ficance of this finding as related to human exposure is undergoing extensive scientific
debate.
Workplace Planning for Use: Applicat ions such as into the top of granaries or into
grain moving through enclosed conveyor systems should be by closed system pumping of
the chemical. The applicator would then only need the respirator as backup safety
equipment in case of equipment failure.
Suitable engineering controls designed to limit exposure to carbon tetrachloride should
be ut il ized. Ventilat ion systems should be designed to prevent the accumulation or
recirculation of carbon tetrachloride in the work areas and to effectively remove
carbon tetrachloride from the breathing zone of workers. Ventilation systems should be
subjected to regular preventive maintenance and cleaning to ensure maximum effective-
ness, which should be verified by periodic airflow measurements.
A hazard area that workers may enter should be considered as any space with physical
characteristics and sources of this chemical that could result in concentrations in
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-488 Rev. September 16, 1981
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excess of the OSHA permissible ~xposure limit. Exits should be plainly marked.
Emergency exit doors should be conveniently located and should open into areas which
will remain free of contamination in an emergency. At least 2 separate means of exit
should be provided from each room or building in which this chemical is stored or
handled in quant it ies that could create a hazard. Entry into confined spaces or into
other areas where there may be difficulty in getting out should be controlled.
Prior to each entry, tanks, pits, tank cars, process vessels, tunnels, sewers, graln
storage bins, or other confined spaces which have contained th is chemical should be:
(1) thoroughly ventilated to assure an adequate supply of oxygen, (2) tested for this
chemical and other contaminants, (3) tested for oxygen content, and (4) inspected.
Ventilation should be maintained while workers are in confined spaces.
Infiltration of this chemical into any confined space while any work other than fumi-
gation is 1n progress inside should be prevented.
Personnel entering confined spaces should be furnished with appropriate personal pro-
tective equipment and protected by an approved sa'fety belt with an attached line. The
line should be tended by another worker outside the space, who should also be equipped
for entry with approved respiratory, eye, and skin protection and a lifeline, and have
contact with a third party.
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Skin Protection: In any operation where the worker may come into direct contact with
liquid carbon tetrachioride, protective clothing should be worn. The clothing should be
both impervious and resistant to this chemical. Gloves, boots, overshoes, and bib-type
aprons that cover boot tops should be provided when necessary. Impervious supplied-air
hoods or suits should be worn when entering confined spaces such as pits or tanks unless
they are known to be safe. In situations where heat stress is likely to occur, air-
supplied suits should be used. All protective clothing and equipment should be well
aired and inspected for defects prior to reuse.
Respiratory Protection: Engineering controls should be used wherever necessary and
feasible to maintain concentrations of this chemical at or below the prescribed limit.
Compliance with OSHA permissible exposure limits should be achieved by the use of
respirators only (1) during the time period necessary to install or test the required
engineering controls, (2) for nonrout ine operat ions such as brief exposure for main-
tenance or repair activities, and (3) during emergencies when air concentrations exceed
safe 1 eve Is.
The employer should ensure that respirators are adequately cleaned, maintained, and
stored, and that employees are instruc ted in the use of respirators and testing for
leakage.
Eye Protection: Eye protection should be provided for and worn by any employee engaged
in an operat ion where carbon tetrachloride 1 iquid or spray may enter the eye. Chemical
type goggles, safety glasses with splash shields, or plastic face shields are indicated.
Reentry: Reentry ~nto the treated area by unprotected workers should not be allowed
until all liquid and volatile residues have dissipated.
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Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, and (2) a high potential for contam-
ination of the water supply if significant amounts enter surface water or the soil. The
use of this chemical must be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-6
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing ethylene dichloride. Persons should
not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a
language they understand. Employees who load or apply them should be instructed in the
toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the 'need for and
use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general
information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the
Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid) A-5,
Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations
require that this informat ion be available to employees for reference at ,all times.
Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is commonly used as a grain fumigant, often in combinat ion
with carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dibromide. Because of its hi,gh flammability,
ethylene dichloride is rarely used by itself. When used in large quantities and in
high concentrations, this chemical can be very hazardous, and considerable attention
to many details of safety are necessary. When it is used in small quantities, as ~n
a few insecticides with a low concentration of EDC, the hazards are minimal.
Human Exposure and Poisoning: poisoning by EDC may occur by breathing too much of it
in the gaseous state, by absorbing it through the skin, or by accidentally drinking it.
Signs and symptoms of acute poisoning include headache, dizziness, lassitude, nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain. These acute signs and symptoms have not been reported
when the exposure concentrations were low; however, chronic effects on the heart, liver,
and nerves have been reported as resulting from long-term exposure to low levels. This
chemical has been found by the National Cancer Institute to cause cancer in laboratory
e test animals; thus it must be presumed to be a possible cause of cancer in man.
General Work Practices: Employees should be instructed as follows: (1) wear an
approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges at all times when there is a possi-
bility of exposure to the chemical in the gaseous state; (2) do not work alone with
EDC; (3) if clothing or skin becomes contaminated with EDC, stop work immediately,
remove contaminated clothing and underwear, thoroughly wash exposed areas with soap
and water, and put on clean clothing before returning to work; (4) after using EDC,
wash hands, arms, and face thoroughly with soap and water before smoking, chewing gum
or tobacco, or eating; (5) do not use EDC near an 'open flame or in places where the
temperature is high unless precautions are taken to prevent a fire; (6) do not wear
street clothing under work clothes; (7) bathe or shower after work, and change into
clean clothing, including fresh underwear; (8) do not wear clothing contaminated with
EDC until it has been thoroughly cleaned or laundered; (9) do not wear leather shoes
as they cannot be adequately decontaminated; and (10) keep all unprotected persons
away from treated areas.
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Skin Protection: If any procedure involving EDC could result in skin exposure, gloves,
apron, boots, respirator, and eye prote.ction should be worn. No protective clothing
materials are completely impervious to the concentrated form of EDC. Materials such as
Neoprene, Tyvek, and Nitrile give reasonably good protection if spills of EDC are
immediately washed off. All protective gear should be well aired and inspected for
defects prior to reuse.
Worker Health and Saf~ty Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-512 Revised September 16, 1981
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Eye Protection: Eye protection must be provided for
in work where EDC liquid or spray may enter the eye.
glasses with splash shields, or plastic face shields
face respirator is being used.
and worn by any person engaged
Chemical type goggles, safety
are recommended unless a full-
Respiratory Protection: When EDC is used in enclosed areas, persons who must enter
the treated areas or who work near an area where any escaping chemical might be pre.sent
must wear respirators with organic vapor cartridges (1) during the time period necessary
to test the ambient air concentration, (2) for non-routine maintenance or repair activ-
ities, and (3) during emergencies when air concentrations exceed safe levels. For
longer periods of exposure in enclosed areas (such as pits, tanks, or chambers) that
may have high EDC concentrations, impervious supplied-air hoods or suits must be worn.
In situations where heat stress is likely to occur, sui ts supplied with cooled air must
be used. In these situations, persons entering the treated area should be protected by
an approved safety belt with attached line tended by another person outside the treated
area, who should also be equipped for entry. All protective clothing should be well
aired and inspected for defects prior to reuse.
:rhe employer must ensure that respiratory equipment is adequately cleaned, maintained,
and stored, and that employees are properly instructed on the use of this equipment and
how to test for leakage.
Use of Ethylene Dichloride in Fumigation Chambers or Enclosed Areas: Vaults and
chambers used for fumigation of food products, textiles, and other objects must be
constructed so that persons will not be exposed to hazardous concentrations during the
fumigation. EDC is highly flammable; enclosed areas in which it is used (where it
could form an explosive air mixture) should be explosion-proof. Explosion vents are
effective on windows, roof and wall panels, and skylights as a safeguard against
destruction of buildings and equipment with automatic shut-off devices in the event of
a fire. Warning signs must be pested on EDC storage tanks and at entrances to the
chamber or vault. Two persons must be present at all times to ,monitor the fumigation
process. After fumigat ion, the venting must be carefully done to avoid exposure of
unprotected persons. Reentry is not to be allowed until all residues of the fumigant
have dissipated.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards. This
chemical must be used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (ENCLOSED AREAS)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES D-7
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing ethylene dibromide as a space fumigant. Persons
should not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training
in a language they understand. Employees who load or apply this pesticide should be
instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and
the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should
include general information available ,in the following safety series leaflets: A-I,
Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First
Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations.
Regulations require that this information be available to employees for reference at all
times.
All persons in any area where EDB is used should be informed of the hazards, symptoms
of poisoning, and effects of overexposure. They must be advised of the need to avoid
exposure to EDB 30 days before or after taking the drug antabuse or being exposed to
thiram. Employees must be told that EDB has been shown to be a mutagen, a teratogen,
a carc inogen, and a reducer of sperm counts in animals, and is suspect of causing these,
'effects in man if safety precautions are not followed. A continuing education program
should be instituted to ensure that all workers have current knowledge of job hazards,
proper maintenance procedures and cleanup methods ~ and correct use of respiratory'
protective equipment and protective clothing.
Human Exposure and Poisoning: Immediate signs and symptoms of human poisoning could
include headaches, dizziness, nausea, weakness, and, in severe cases, liver and kidney
damage. Central nervous system depression can occur within 48 hours after ingestion.
Death from EDB overexposure appears to be due to breathing failure or heart failure
compl icated by excess fluid in the lungs. Breathing excess amounts may also lead to
excess fluid in the lungs and breathing failure. EDB is a severe irritant. Contact of
the skin or other tissues with liquid EDB can cause redness, swelling, tissue destruc-
tion, and general toxicity. Studies on test animals have shown EDB to be a significant
producer of cancer. It has also been shown to be a mutagen, to cause birth defects, and
to interfere with the production of sperm in some male animals, such as the calf. This
chemical may have the potential to cause these effects in man.
The drug antabuse (disulfiram), which is prescribed by physicians to cause an aversion
to the simultaneous use of alcohol, has been shown to greatly increase the carcinogen-
icity of EDB in animals. Thiram, which is present in many fungicides, insecticides,
and animal repellents, has a similar chemical structure, and is expected to cause the
same action. Persons should avoid taking antabuse or being exposed to thiram while
working with EDB. The California Department of Food and Agr iculture can supply a list
of pesticides which contain thiram.
General Use Instructions for the Employees: Employers should have the workplace
monitored to determine what levels of EDB are in the air at the various places workers
might be during a typical use of the product. Engineering controls should be put into
effect to reduce the levels of EDB in the workplace air to less than 130 ppb, if this
is reasonably possible. For those times and places the exposure level is above 130 ppb,
appropriate respiratory protection must be provided. Until the workplace has been
monitored and work practices have been standardized to conform with practices followed
during monitoring, workers should be provided with adequate respiratory protection
whenever excess exposure is possible. In some workplaces, the potent ial exposure
varies so much, or the process has been insùfficiently studied, that more stringent
respiratory protection is specified for a particular situation; development of Medfly
fumigation procedures is an example of such a situation.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-483(a) Revised September 16, 1981
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Workers should not work alone with EDB. Regulations require that at least 1 other
trained person work with the person handling this chemical. If a worker's clothing or
skin becomes contaminated with liquid EDB, work should stop immediately, contaminated
clothing and underwear should be removed, and workers should ,thoroughly wash exposed
skin with soap and water. Work.ers should put on clean clothing before returning to
work. After using,EDB, workers should wash hands, arms, and face thoroughly with soap
and water before smoking or eating. Workers should not wear street clothing under work
clothes. Workers should bathe or shower after work and then change into clean clothing,
including fresh underwear. Workers should not wear clothing contaminated with EDB until
it has been thoroughly cleaned or laundered. Workers should not wear leather shoes or
leather gloves as they cannot be adequately decontaminated. Workers should keep, all
unprotected persons away from treated areas.
Skin Protection: If any procedure involving EDB could result in skin exposute, gloves,
apron, boots, respirator, and eye protection should be worn. No protective clothing
materials are completely impervious to the concentrated form of EDB. Materials such as
Neoprene, Tyvek, Viton, and Nitrile give reasonably good protection if spills of EDB
on this protective gear are immediately washed off. Other materials may be used if they
give equal or better protection. All protective gear should be well aired and inspected
for defects prior to reuse.
Eye Protection: Eye protect ion must be provided for and worn by any person engaged in
work where EDB liquid or spray may enter the eye. Chemical type goggles, safety glasses
with splash shields, or plastic face shields are recommended unless a full-face respir--
ator is being used.
Respiratory Protection: When EDB is used in enclosed areas, persons should not enter
the treated area without respirators until EDB concentrations are at or below the
NIOSH-recommended exposure 1 imit of 130 parts per bi 11 ion (ppb). Employees may be
allowed to enter such areas with appropriate respiratory protection (1) during the
time necessary to test the ambient air concentration, (2) for nonroutine maintenance or
repair activities, or (3) during emergencies when air concentrations exceed safe levels.
Employees may not use respirators without adequate training in their use. Levels
of EDB in the air in and around the treatment areas should be measured periodically.
For well:-studied situations, with an easy-to-follow work procedure in place, and where
it is known that levels over 130 ppb are unlikely to occur, respiratory protection is
not required. Where it is known that exposure levels will exceed 130 ppb but will not
exceed 1 ppm, half-face respirators or gas masks will give adequate protection for short
periods of time; otherwise, air-supplied respirators are needed. For less well studied
situations, it is desirable to wear respiratory protection at all times until adequate
information is accumulated on potential exposure levels.
For exposure levels above 1 ppm and for longer periods of exposure in enclosed areas
(such as pits, tanks, or chambers where emergency work must be done) which have EDB
concentrations that exceed 130 ppb, supplied-air equipment must be worn. In situations
where heat stress is likely to occur, suits suppl ied with cool air must be used. In
these situations, persons entering the treated area should wear an approved safety belt
with attached line. This line should be tended by another person outside the treated
area who should also be equipped for emergency entry. All protective clothing should be
well aired and inspected for defects prior to reuse.
The employer should ensure that respiratory equipment is adequa tely cleaned, main-
tained, and stored, and that employees are properly instructed in the use of this
equipment and in testing for leakage.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental, hazards.
including: (1) a low hazard to domestic animals, (2) a moderate potential for contam-
ination of surface water supply, and (3) a low potential fOT environmental persistence.
This chemical must be used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
envirorunent.
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES E-l
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to redÙce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing 1,3-dichloropropene. Persons should
not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in
a language they understand. Employees who load or apply these pesticides should be
'instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and
the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should
include general information available in the following safety series leaflets: A....l,
Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use
of Closed Systems; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health
and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this informatlon be available to
employees for reference at all times.
The chemical 1,3-dichloropropene (l,3-D) is an active ingredient' of many agricultural
pesticides, and is used for nematode control.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Skin and eye contact with the liquid can result in severe
irritation if not immediately removed. The liquid is also rapidly absorbed through the
skin. Situat ions which may result in gross overexposure to 1, 3-:-dichloropropene vapor
include incidents involving sizable liquid spills or handling the liquid in confined
areas. Such excessive exposure could lead to headache, nausea, vomiting, coughing,
pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), hemorrhaging, chemical pneumonia, liver and kidney
injury, anesthesia, and, with heavy exposure, the possibility of death. The absence
of the odor of 1,3-dichloropropene should not be considered evidence that excessive
inhalation exposure is not occurring. Ingestion or absorption through the skin can be
expected to produce symptoms similar to those mentioned above for inhalation exposure.
There have been a few cases in which some changes in human behavior appear to have
followed excessive skin exposure to the concentrated form of this chemical. This
chemical has been found to be a mutagen in tests on bacteria. The evaluation of animal
test data is under way at the National Cancer Institute; interpretation of the findings
of possible tumors is now the subject of controversy within the cancer institute.
General Precautions: Serious acute and long-term damage to human health may follow
excess exposure to 1,3-D. The user should avoid spilling it on the body and must
immediately wash any accidental spills. After handling or applying this pesticide,
always wash hands, arms, and face thoroughly wi th soap and water. This is especially
important before smoking, eating, or chewing gum or tobacco.
Skin Protection: While protective clothing may keep spills from coming into direct
contact with the body, there are no protective clothing materials that are completely
impervious to this pesticide. Leather provides no protection. Thin layers (minimum 1
mil) of polyethylene, rubber, or other vinyl protective, gear give only short-term
protection and should be immediately discarded upon contamination. Heavy clothing
(3 mils or more) of polyethylene, heavy synthetic rubber, or heavy Neoprene or Nitrile
provide fairly good protection.
If protective gear or work clothes become contaminated with this pesticide or if the
pesticide contacts the body, the employee should stop work immediately, remo~contam-
inated clothing, and thoroughly wash exposed areas with soap and water. The employee
should not return to work until he puts on clean clothing. A user should never wear
protective gear having the odor of 1,3-dichloropropene. A user should wash and aerate
all protective gear thoroughly after use.
~iKë~alth and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-467 Revised September 16, 1981
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Employees should wear clean work clothing each day. Clean outer clothing (coveralls,
etc.) must be provided by the employer. Workers should bathe with soap and water after
work, and change into clean clothing.
Eye Protection: The eyes should be protected by either a full-face respirator, chemical
worker's goggles, o'r a face shield when there is danger of exposure to the splashed
pe s tic id e .
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH/MSHA-approved h~lf-face respirators with chemical
worker's goggles or full-face respirators should be worn in case of equipment failure,
dur ing repairs, cal ibrat ions, and adjustments, or when working in poorly vent ilated
areas. Respirators must be equipped with NIOSH/MSHA-approved org'anic vapor canisters
or cartridges. Ganisters or cartridges must be replaced daily, sooner if specified by
the manufacturer, or at the first sign of odor breakthrough, whichever comes first.
Suggested Work Practices: For a typical field operation with tractor-mounted equipment,
the employee should be instructed as follows:
1. Put on gloves and boots before beginning to fill the application vehicle tanks with
1,3-D. Use closed system transfer equipment.
2. After filling the tanks and before beginning appl icat ion, be sure the following
additional protective items are on the application vehicle to use in case an event
occurs which could result in release of 1,3-D and, possibly expose the user: (a) at
least 1 gallon of potable ~ater, soap, and towels for personal washing; and (b) an
eye wash bottle containing clean water. It is assumed the operator will also have
gloves, goggles or a face shield, a respirator, and an impervious apron to use in
the field should the need arise.
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In case any equipment adjustments are necessary that could result in skin or eye con-
taminat ion, appropr iate protect ive clothing must be available to accompl ish the job
safely. Gloves and aprons made of plastic (such as polyethylene) that are lightweight
and disposable are more practical for some jobs than the more cumbersome heavy gloves
and apron.
A respirator must be available to be worn at any time there might be excessive exposure
to vapors. Respiratory protection is particularly necessary during equipment adjustment
and in cases of spills.
During typical field applications, the applicator is not expected to be exposed to
more than 1 ppm of l, 3-D in the air, and thus does not need to wear a respirator if
the chemical tanks on the tractor are vented through appropriate filters or through
tubes with outlets in or near the injection shanks, and if there are no leaks in the
equipment. The applicator might inhale an excessive amount of 1, 3-D, and the use of
a respirator would be needed if any of the following occur: (a) excessive pesticide is
spilled on clothing, gear, tools, or wiping rags; (b) leaks occur in the appl icat ion
equipment; (c) large dirt clods or trash interfere with proper chemical incorporation
into the soil; and (d) there is a failure in the venting system for the chemical tanks.
Field Reentry: Persons entering the treated area for 3 days after application should
wear impervious foot coverings.
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Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
1,3-D should be aware of the potential of other environmental hazards. The use of this
chemical must be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
In general, these products are not likely to produce any environmental concerns except
in the case of sizable spills of the concentrate.
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ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (FIELD USE)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES E-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pest ic ide produc ts containing ethylene dibromide. Persons should
not be permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in
a language they understand. Employees who load or apply these pesticides should be
instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and
the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should
include general information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I,
Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use
of Closed Systems; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health
and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available to
employees for reference at all times.
All persons working in any area where EDB is used should be informed of the hazards,
symptoms of poisoning, and effects of overexposure. They must be advised of the need
to avoid exposure to EDB 30 days before or after taking the drug antabuse or having
exposure to thiram. Employees must be told that EDB has been shown to be a mutagen,
a teratogen, a carcinogen, and a reducer of sperm counts in animals, and is suspect
,of causing these effects in man if safety precautions are not followed. A continuing
education program should be instituted to ensure that all workers have current knowledge
of job hazards, proper maintenance procedures and cleanup methods, and correct use of
respiratory protective equipment and protective clothing.
Human Exposure, and poisoning: Immed iate signs and symptoms of human poisoning could
include headaches, dizziness, nausea, weakness. and. in severe cases, liver and kidney
damage. Central nervous system depression can occur within 48 hours after ingestion.
Death from EDB overexposure appears to be due to breathing failure or heart failure
complicated by excess fluid in the lungs. Breathing excess amounts causes delayed lung
damage and excess fluid in the lungs. EDB is a severe irritant. Contact of the liquid
with skin and other tissues can cause redness, swelling. tissue destruction. and general
toxicity. In studies on test animals, EDB is a significant producer of cancer; it is a
mutagen and a teratogen, and it interferes with the production of sperm in some male
animals such as the cal f. These effects might possibly occur in overexposed persons.
The drug antabuse (disulfiram). which is prescribed by physicians to cause an aversion
to the simultaneous use of alcohol, has been shown to greatly increase the toxicity of
EDB. including the development of cancer in animals. when treated with both chemicals.
Thiram. which is present in many fungicides. insecticides, and animal repellents, has a
similar chemical struc ture and is expected to cause the same action. Persons should
avoid taking antabuse or being exposed to thiram while working with EDB. The California
Department of Food and Agriculture can supply a current list of pesticides which contain
thiram.
General Work Pract ices. It is desirable that the air workers breathe be kept to less
than 130 ppb. When treating soil, workers should expect that EDB levels in the air
around the face will be above 130 ppb at all times, even during closed system loading,
during application, and when application shanks are in the ground. If the injection
equipment is properly sealed and maintained, a half-face respirator with organic vapor
cartridges will provide adequate protection because the air levels of EDB are not
expected to exceed 1 ppm (1000 ppb). When levels exceed 1 ppm, a gas mask or supplied-
~ir protection must be used; in the field. this will usually occur only in the case of a
spill. A person should not work alone with EDB. If clothing or skin becomes contamin-
ated with EDB. one should stop work immediately, remove contaminated clothing and
uncÍerwear. and thoroughly wash exposed areas with soap and water. Workers should
then put on clean clothing before returning to work. After using EDB, workers should
wash hands, arms, and face thoroughly with soap and water before smoking or eatin~.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street. Sacramento, California 95814
HS-483 Revised September 16, 1981
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Workers should not wear street clothing under work clothes. Workers should bathe or
shower after work and change into clean clothing, including fresh underwear. Workers
should not wear clothing contaminated wi th EDB unt il it has been thoroughly cleaned
or laundered. Workers should not wear leather shoes or gloves as they cannot be
adequately decontaminated. Users should keep all unprotected persons away from areas
being treated.
Skin Protection: If any procedure involving EDB could result in skin exposure, gloves,
apron, boots, respirator, and eye protect ion should be worn. No protect ive clothing
materials are completely impervious to the concentrated form of EDB. Materials such as
butyl rubber, Neoprene, Tyvek, Vitron, and Nitrile give reasonably good protection if
spills of EDB are immediately washed off. All protective gear should be well aired and
inspected for defects prior to reuse.
Eye Protection:
work where EDB
splash shields,
is being used.
Eye protection must be provided for and worn by any person engaged in
liquid may enter the eye. Chemical type goggles, safety glasses wi th
or plastic face shields are recommended unless a full-face respirator
Respiratory Protection: At all times when working at jobs involving soil treatment with
EDB, at least a half-face respirator with suitable organic vapor cartridges must be
worn; these cartridges must be changed each day. In case of chemical spills, respir--
ators giving more complete respiratory protection must be worn. The employer should
ensure that respiratory equipment is adequately cleaned, maintained, and stored, and
that employees are properly instructed in the use of this equipment and testing for
leakage.
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Procedures for a Typical Field Application of EDB: Chemical tanks mounted on the
tractor should be vented through charcoal filters, or vented through tubing with outlets
near the soil shanks. California Department of Fc.od and Agriculture studies have shown
this will keep the levels of EDB in the driver's breathing zone outside the respirator
to less than 1 ppm.
For a typical field application with tractor-mounted inject ion equipment, emplo.yees
should be instructed to put on gloves, boots, a respirator, and a face shield or goggles
before beginning to fill the application vehicle tanks or calibrating the application
equipment. Workers should keep the respirator on at all times when working with EDB,
including the time the shanks are in the ground and the application is in progress.
Workers should carry the following items on the application vehicle: (a) an eye-wash
bottle full of clean water, (b) soap and at least 1 gallon of potable water for personal
washing, and (c) extra gloves and an apron to use during repair operations. In case
equipment adjustments are necessary that could result in skin or eye contamination,
appropriate protective clothing must be available to accomplish the job safely. Light-
weight, disposable polyethylene or Tyvek gloves are sometimes more practical for some
jobs than more cumbersome heavy gloves.
Field Reentry: For 3 days after application, persons entering a field treated with EDB
should wear impervious foot coverings.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of produc ts containing
~his chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a negligible hazard to domestic animals, (2) a negligible potential for
phytotoxicity on nontarget crops, (3) a low potent ial for contaminat ion of the water
supply, and (4) a low potential for environmental persistence. The use of this chemical
must be in a manner that will minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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2.14.15-T & SILVEX
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-l
General Information: This leaflet is provided for presentation to pesticide users,
including pest control operators and their employees, to inform them on how to reduce
hazards of using products containing 2,4,5-T and/or Silvex. Persons should not be
permitted to work, with these chemicals as pesticides until provided with adequate
training in a language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pes-
ticides must be informed about the toxic nature of these chemicals, the possibility
of any use hazard, and the need for and use of protective equipment and protective
clothing. Training snould include general information available in the following safety
series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation
and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-:6, Worker Health and
Safety Regulations. This information must be available to employees for reference at
all times.
Both 2,4 ,5-T and Silvex belong to a chemical class known as phenoxy compounds. This
group of chemicals has been shown to act as plant hormones, resulting in excessive
plant growth and rapid plant death.
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During the manufacture of 2,4,5-T and Silvex, a chemical by-product (similar to a waste
product) known as TCDD, which belongs to a class of chemicals called dioxins, is also
formed. This by-product is not a pesticide. It is, however, very toxic. When small
doses of TCDD are administered to laboratory animals, birth defects and tumors have
re~ulted. For this reason, 2,4,5-T and Silvex manufacturers are now required to remove
TCDD from marketed products to the maximum extent possible. The maximum concentration
now allowed in the formulation as sold is 0.5 parts per million, with a majority of
products containing less than .05 parts per million. This is in contrast to early
formulations used several years ago which contained up to 50 parts per million. Neither
2,4,5-T nor Silvex has been shown to present the same poisoning hazards as TCDD or
formulations grossly contaminated with TCDD.
The Environmental
the late 1970s.
result from using
Protection Agency (EPA) suspended most
Risk evaluations continue with respect
these materials.
uses, of 2,4,5-T and Silvex in
to possible hazards which may
Toxic Effects on Humans: Several cases of massive exposure of humans to 2,4 ,5-T and
Silvex have resulted in mild to moderate episodes of nausea, headache, muscle cramps,
and fever. A skin condition known as chloracne has been reported in association with
massive single exposure episodes or in persons exposed to smaller amounts of these
chemicals on a daily basis for prolonged periods.
Use Precautions: Users shou~d follow the instructions on the label for the type of
protective clothing and equipment to use for that particular formulation. Overexposure
should be avoided; bathing and wearing clean clothes every day are also safe use
practices.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: These chemicals represent
environmental hazards, including a high potential for damage to certain crops--grapes
in particular--and should be applied carefully to avoid direct contamination of water
supplies.
Permits for use of these materials will be issued only for applications 1n areas
where potential adverse effects to the environment can be avoided.
4IÞ Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-926 Revised September 16, 1981
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2~4-D~ 2~4-DB~ 2~4-DP & MCPA
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PESTICIDJ<: SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-2
General Information: This leaflet is provided to present to pes ticide users, includ-
ing pest control operators and their employees, information on how to use these chemical
pesticide products safely. Persons should not be permitted to work with these chemicals
until provided with adequate training in a language they understand. Employees who
mix, load, or apply these chemicals as pesticides must be informed as to their toxic
nature, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for and use of protective
equipment and protective clothing. Training must also include, ~len applicable, general
information available in the following safety information leaflets: A-I, Interpreting
the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; and
A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. This information must be available to
employees for reference at all times.
These closely related chemicals belong to a general chemical class known as phenoxy
compounds. They have been used extensively for more than 30 years. In general, they
act as plant hormones, resulting in excessive plant growth and rapid plant death.
Products containing 2,4-D do not have TCDD, a dioxin chemical by-product which forms
during the manufacture of certain other phenoxy compounds. While small amounts of
other dioxin compounds are sometimes present in 2,4-D products, they do not possess
the high toxic potential of TCDD.
Toxic Effects on Humans: Episodes of excessive exposure to 2,4-0 products have been
followed by temporary skin and eye irritations. In these cases, various solvents
unrelated to 2,4-D were also present and, if not the cause of, may have contributed
to these reactions. Deliberate or accidental swallowing of moderate to large amounts
of 2,4-D-containing products has resulted in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches,
and fever. One suicide death is reported after an unknown amount of 2,4-D was swal-
lowed. A patient, given more than 3 grams of 2,4-D intravenously, survived after
developing moderate muscle cramps, fever, and intestional symptoms. These chemicals
are considered to be low-toxicity and low-hazard products.
Use Practices: Users should follow instructions
significant eye, skin, and inhalation exposure by
fied for that particular formulation. Workers
and wear clean clothes each day.
on the label, taking care to avoid
using the type of safety gear speci-
should bathe thoroughly after work
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Environmental hazards include
a high potential for damaging certain susceptible crops, especially grapes. These
chemicals must be used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
environment and to avoid direct contamination of streams, lakes, ponds, and other
bodies of water.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-927 Revised September 16, 1981
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DICAMBA (BANVEL)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-3
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards of
use of pesticide products containing dicamba. Persons should not be permitted to work
with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a language they understand.
Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should be instructed in the toxic
nature of the chemial, the possibil ity of any use hazard, and the need for and use of
protec t ive equipment and protect ive clothing. Training should include general infor-
mation available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label;
A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; and A-6, Worker
Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available
to employees for reference at all times.
Dicamba (Banvel) is a selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety
of grain crops, pasturelands and rangelands. It is formulated as a dimethyl amine salt
in water, as an emulsifiable concentrate, and as granules. It is frequently formulated
in combination with 2,4-D. It is a restricted material in California because of its
potential to damage nontarget crops if not carefully used.
Human Exposure: The oral toxicity of dicamba is very low. No
were reported to California state officials from 1976 to 1980.
in man have not been reported, there are no known symptoms to
does occur. Dicamba is moderately irritat ing to the skin and
spilled on the skin or into the eyes.
systemic human illnesses
Since systemic illnesses
look for if overexposure
eyes if the solution is
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Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Dicamba is a restricted
material because of its potential to damage nontarget crops. This chemical is very
volatile at temperatures above 85°F.; extreme care must be used when applying dicamba
since it can drift over nearby fields. Application requirements and advice may be
provided by the county agricultural commissioner for the specific situation for which
use is proposed.
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
12,20 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-922 Rev. September 16, 1981
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PICLORAM (TORDON)
PESTIClÐE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-4
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards of
use of pesticide products containing picloram (Tordon). Persons should not be permitted
to work with this chemical until provided with adequate information in a language they
understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply this pesticide should be instructed in
the nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for and use
of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general
information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpret ing ,the
Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; and A-6,
Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be
available to employees for reference at all times. '
picloram (Tordon) is a herbicide which is effective against a wide variety of deep-
rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants. This pesticide was placed on the restricted
materials list because of the ease with which serious damage to nontarget plants can
occur.
Human poisoning Potential: Human illnesses and/or injuries from the use of this pesti-
cide are very rare; only 1 case involving injury to the eyes was recorded in California
from 1976 through 1980. Human illness resulting from normal use is not expected.
Contact to the skin and eyes should be avoided as it may cause irritation.
Use Precautions: It is important to read and understand the label instructions. Use
of this pesticide should conform to the use instructions on the label, in product
bulletins, and in pertinent state and county regulations.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Human Exposure: Extreme care must be taken to
prevent movement of this pesticide in water away from the target area. A small amount
of the material can do severe damage to nontarget crops. This pest ic ide is quite
water-soluble and can be transported to other fields in irrigation water and rainwater
runoff.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-923 Rev. September 16, 1981
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PROPANIL
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-5
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing propanil. Persons should not be permitted to
work with propanil until provided with adequate training in a language they understand.
Employees who mix, load, or apply this pesticide should be instructed in the nature of
the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for and use of protective
equipment and protective clothing. Training should include general information avail-
able in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2,
Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4 , First Aid ; and A-6, Worker Health
and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available to
employees for reference at all times.
Propanil is a contact postemergence herbicide used to control grasses and weeds ~n
rice. It is a very low toxicity pesticide for man and animals. When handled ~n
accordance with label instructions, propanil has not caused injury or illness to
pesticide workers. Propanil is a restricted material, because it readily drifts off
treatment sites and damages nontarget crops.
Human Exposure and poisoning: Very little information exists on the possible symptoms
of propanil overexposure. Some symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, cramps,
and weakness may have resulted from excessive propanil exposure; skin and eye irritation
can result from excessive contact. No chronic health hazards are known.
Use Precautions: Employees mixing, loading, or applying propanil should wear goggles
or a face shield, coveralls, gloves, and boots. They should avoid inhaling spray mists
and contact with eyes, skin, or clothing. In case of contact, exposed persons should
flush skin and eyes with clean water, and get prompt medical attention. Clean water
should be provided at the work site.
Other Environmental Considerations: When applied, some of the propanil may not settle
on the field or it may volatilize from a treated field within 24 hours after applica-
tion and move many miles in the air to damage foliage of nontarget crops and orchards.
Use of propanil is restricted to only certain areas of California. Care should be taken
to avoid contaminating bodies of water as it can be toxic to fish.
In order to avoid nontarget crop damage, the county agricultural commissioners will
specify if, when, and where this chemical can be used.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-924 Rev. September 16, 1981
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DINITROPHENOL1 DINITROCRESOLI DINOSEB
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-6
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing dinitrophenols (which include dinitro-
cresol and dinoseb). Persons should not be permitted to work with these chemicals
until provided with adequate training in a language they understand. Employees who
mix, load, or apply these pesticides should be instructed in the toxic nature of the
chemical, the possibil ity of any use hazard, and the need for and use of protect ive
equipment and protect ive clothing. Training should inc lude general information avail-
able in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A~2,
Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems; A-4, First
Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations.
Regulations require that this information be available to employees for refen;nce at
all times.
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Human Exposure and poisoning: Pesticides containing dinitrophenols are regarded as
highly toxic to humans and animals. Dinitrophenols can be absorbed from the stomach
and intes tina1 tract when taken by mouth, through the skin when spilled on the body,
and by the lungs when very fine droplets are inhaled. There is a general lack of
awàreness among users as to how rapidly these products can pass through the skin, and
of their ability to cause serious kidney, liver, and brain damage. These produc.ts are
slowly excreted and are, therefore, strong cumulative toxins. Except in a few sensi-
tive individuals, they are only moderately irritating to the skin. Like other phenols,
they are toxic to the liver, kidney, and nervous system. The most severe poisonings
from absorption of these compounds have occurred in workers during hot weather. Yellow
staining of only the skin and hair indicates that the worker has had contact with a
nitrophenolic chemical. However, changes in the color of the urine and a yellow color
in the whites of the eyes indicate that absorption of potentially toxic amounts has
occurred; when this happens, exposure must cease, sometimes for as long as 30 days.
Profuse sweating, headache, thirst, and weakness are common early symptoms of poisoning;
workers should be alerted to watch for these signs. Warm, flushed skin and fever
indicate a serious degree of poisoning. The higher the fever the more serious the
intoxication. Nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, unusual behavior, and unconsciousness
suggest brain injury. Acute poisoning can result in death. Death, which is usually the
result of heart failure or breathing failure, generally occurs wi thin 24 hours after
exposure. Weight loss occurs in persons poisoned with low dosages over a period of
weeks.
General first aid information is in Series A-4; in addition, the user should be made
aware that in case of overexposure, the most important immediate thing to do is to get
into the shade and pour water over the body if there is a feeling of being overheated;
this prevents the body temperature from rising so high that the brain is damaged. Any
person overexposed to these chemicals should be taken to a physician as quickly as
possible.
Once a person is poisoned, he must not be exposed to any phenol (including disinfec-
tants) for 30 days.
General Use Instructions:
signal word "DANGER" and
dinitrophenol pesticides
flame.
Most liquid pesticides containing dinitrophenols carry the
must, therefore, be handled through a closed system. Many
are flammable; they must be kept away from heat and open
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-568 Revised September 16. 1981
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F-6
Skin Protection: Users must wear protective equipment such as rubber or plastic gloves,
boots, and an apron when working in an area where contact with dinitrophenol pesticide
concentrate is possible. Applicators must wear long-sleeve shirts and ,long pants when
spraying dilute mixtures of dinitrophenol pesticides. This outer clothing must be put
on clean each day., If any drift on the skin is possible, the applicator should wear
rubber or plastic protective clothing. If clothing becomes contaminated with this
pesticide or it comes in contact with the skin, the user must stop work, remove con-
taminated clothing, and thoroughly wash the exposed skin with soap and water. The
user should put on clean clothing before returning to work. The user must not wear
street clothes under work clothes when working with dinitrophenol pesticides. The user
should not wear clothing contaminated with this material until tþe clothing has been
thoroughly c leaned or laundered. The user should shower or bathe after work before
dressing in clean street clothes. Before removing protect ive gloves, they should be
washed with soap and water. All protective equipment must be cleaned after use and
inspected before reuse. After using a pesticide containing dinitropl:1enols, the user
should wash the hands, arms, and face thoroughly wi th soap and water before smoking,
chewing gum or tobacco, or eating.
Respiratory Protection: Users must avoid breathing dinitrophenol spray mist; they
should wear respirators reconnnended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). The user must keep the respirator clean by washing thoroughly and
changing the cartridges at least each day, or more often if recommended by NIOSH or the
manufacturer.
Eye Protection: Protective equipment such as chemical worker goggles, safety glasses
with splash shields, or a respirator with a full face piece must be worn to prevent
dinitrophenol spray mist from entering the eyes.
Field Reentry: Persons should be kept out of a field treated with a dinitrophenol-type
pesticide for 24 hours unless special protective clothing is provided.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a moderate hazard to domestic animals, (2) a low hazard to bees, (3) a
moderate hazard to wild mammals, (4) a moderate hazard to birds, (5) a high hazard to
fish, (6) a high potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, (7) a high poten-
tial for phytotoxicity on nontarget crops, (8) a moderate potential for contamination
of the water supply" and (9) a moderate potential for environmental persistence. The
use of this chemical must be in a manner that will minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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DEF AND FOLEX
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-7
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of DEF and Folex as used as cotton defoliants. Persons should not be
permitted to work with these chemicals until provided with adequate training in a
language they understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should be
instructed in the toxic nature of the chemicals, the possibility of any use hazard, and
the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should
include general informat ion available in the following safety series lèafle ts: A-I,
Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use
of Closed Systems; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health
and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available to
employees for reference at all times.
Regulations require DEF and Folex to be handled through a closed system when used by
employees even though the signal word "DANGER" does not appear on these , label s.
Human Exposure and poisoning Potential: DEF and Folex are organophosphate pesticides.
The symptoms associated with exposure to toxic levels of these chemicals are headache,
nausea, vomit ing, cramps, weakness, blurred vision, pinpoint pupil s, tightness in
chest, labored breathing, nervousness, sweating, muscle spasms, and coma. There is
some laboratory animal data indicating that a severe single exposure or long-term low
level exposure might result in damage to the nerves that control movement of the arms
and legs; few cases of these effects occurring in man have been reported.
All organophospate pesticides are dangerous poisons. They will enter the body on
contact with the skin. Clothing wet with DEF or Folex should be removed immediately.
The skin of exposed persons should be washed and receive prompt medical treatment.
Instructions for Users: Employees must not be permitted to mix or load these pesti-
cides except through closed mixing and loading systems. Any employee using these
pesticides for more than 30 hours in 30 days must have baseline cholinesterase testing,
and is subject to medical supervision. These pesticides must be applied with special
care to avoid drift from the tr:eated area. Excess exposure of persons and animals
must be avoided. Users must handle pesticid,es in accordance with label instructions.
Mixers and loaders of DEF and Folex should be provided with and wear:
coveralls, changed each day, (b) a waterproof apron, (c) waterproof boots,
proof gloves, and (e) a waterproof, washable hat.
(a) clean
(d) water-
A closed mixing and loading system must be used by employees to mix these defoliants
and transfer the spray mixture to the application vehicle. Because of the use of this
device, it is not necessary for mixer-loaders to wear respirators. If owner-operators
mix and load this pesticide without a closed system, it is recommended that they wear a
respirator.
Aerial applicators (pilots) should be provided with and wear clean coveralls each
day.
Flaggers for aerial application should be provided with and wear clean coveralls each
day, and a waterproof, washable hat.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
Cal Hornia Department of Food and Agr icul t ure
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-930 Revised September 16, 1981
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Ground applicators should be provided with and wear clean coveralls each day, water-
proof boots, a face shield or goggles, waterproof gloves, and a waterproof, washable
hat.
Keep all unprotected persons and children away from the treated area or where there 1S
danger of drift.
Do not rub eyes or mouth wi th hands. If a user feels sick in any way, she/he should
STOP work and get help right away. Always wash hands, face, and arms with soap and
water before smoking, eat ing, or drinking. After work. take off all work clothes and
shoes. Shower. using soap and water. Wear only clean clothes when leaving the job.
Do not wear contaminated clothing. Wash protective clothing and protective equipment
with soap and water after each use. A respirator. if used. should be cleaned and the
filter replaced according to instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Buffer Zone Requirements: The strong odor of DEF and Folex can cause an illness
reaction in some people. The agricultural commissioner will establish a buffer zone
around populated areas to protect peöple from excess movement of chemicals through the
air from treated fields. These buffer zones must be rigorously observed.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
these chemicals should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards.
including: (1) a low hazard to domestic animals. (2) a low hazard to bees. (3) a high
hazard to fish, (4) a high potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops. (5) a
high potential for phytotoxicity on nontarget crops. (6) a moderate potent ial for
contamination of the water supply. and (7) a low potential for environmental persis-
tence. The use of these chemicals must be in a manner that will minimize any adverse
effect on the environment.
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PARAQUAT
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-8
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees,' on how to reduce
hazards of use of paraquat. Persons should not be permitted to work with this chemical
until provided with adequate training in a language they understand.' Employees who
mix, load, or apply it should be instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the
possibility of any use hazard, and the need for and use of protective equipment and
protective clothing. Training should include general information available in the
following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage,
Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Closed Systems; A-4, First Aid; and A-6,
Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that, this information be
available to employees for reference at all times.
Human Exposure and Poisoning: Skin irritation, drying, and cracking can follow skin
contact with paraquat. Discoloration and irregularity of fingernai1~ commonl'y occur
in workers regularly exposed to paraquat concentrates.
Delayed eye damage often develops 12-48 hours after contact with the eye.
Inhalation of spray droplets irritates the nose and throat, and may cause nosebleeds.
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After accidental or intentional swallowing of paraquat concentrate, the earliest
symptoms and signs are due to mucosal irritation and ulceration of the digestive tract.
Pain, vomiting, and diarrhea are common symptoms. Muscle aching may also occur. After
a few days, all pain and discomfort may subside, and the person may think he is going
to be all right. If more than a small amount was swallowed, a second series of symptoms
soon occurs. Difficulty in breathing develops as the lungs fill up with scar tissue
and, within a few days to as long. as a month later, death often follows as a result of
suffocation.
If a mixer, loader, or applicator handling paraquat develops a headache associated with
the use of paraquat, he should stop working with it for the day. If a mixer, loader,
or applicator develops bleeding nose, lips, or gums, tightness of the chest, nausea, or
vomiting, or if, after using paraquat for several weeks, he develops shortness of
breath, he should be taken to a physician. Any person who splashes paraquat into the
mouth or eyes should be taken to a physician. Take the labeled container to the
physician, suggest that he collect a urine specimen, and advise him that, free medical
consultation and laboratory services are available from the Chevron Chemical Company by
telephoning (415) 233-3737. When any illnesses associated with paraquat exposure
occur, the entire pesticide-handling procedure should be evaluated to eliminate the
source of exposure.
Instructions for Users: Wash splashes from skin and eyes immediately. Remove and wash
contaminated clothing. Wash hands and face before eating, smoking, and drinking. Wash
hands before going to the toilet.
Concentrate Mixing: Wear a full face shield, rubber gloves, and an apron when opening
the container or handling concentrate. Closed system equipment must be used by all
employees when mixing and loading paraquat.
4IÞ Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-OOS Rev. September 16, 1981
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Spray Application: Avoid working in spray mist. If there is risk of exposure to mist ,
wear goggles and an approved respirator capable of filtering spray drople ts. Wear
waterproof clothing, hat, and footwear when spraying or when còntacting vegetation wet
with spray.
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Skin Contaminat ion: In case of contact, wash immediately with water. Remove clothing
and wash skin where necessary. Prolonged contact will cause severe irritation.
Repeated contact may increase the danger of absorption.
Eye Contaminat ion:
attention.
In case of contact, wash thoroughly with water and get medical
Inhalation: Do not breathe spray mist. Exposure to spray mist may cause' irritation
and nose bleeds. Stop and check spray procedure to eliminate the source of exposure.
General Comments on Paraquat Use: Be aware that as little as 1 teaspoonful of paraquat
when swallowed can result in delayed death from suffocation within 3 weeks due to the
eventual effect of paraquat on lung tissue. (See "Human Exposure and poisoning"
above.) Ingestion, including splashes of the concentrate into the mouth, must be
avoided. THERE IS NO SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE FOR PARAQUAT POISONING. Paraquat concentrate
can cause eye and skin damage, and must be washed off soon after it is spilled on skin
or in eyes. It is not likely that enough paraquat can be absorbed through the eye and
skin to lead to death, but this kind at' exposure can lead to serious illness and injury.
Use of a closed system is required for all employees mixing and loading paraquat. The
m1.n1.mum requirements for protect ive clothing/equipment for closed mixing and load ing
systems are (1) coveralls or outer clothing (cleaned and changed each day), (2) water-
proof gloves, and (3) waterproof foot coverings if employee is exposed to we t
(pesticide-contaminated) ground or pavement. The label requires that the person
handling paraquat, wear adequate protect ive clothing.
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The applicator, operating an airplane, a helicopter, a tractor with a closed cab, or a
truck with a closed cab, would probably not need protective clothing beyond a pair of
clean coveralls (changed each day) unless the operator comes into direct contact with
spray drift. An applicator or flagger with risk of exposure to spray would need all of
the protective clothing specified on the label. The potential for overexposure is too
great to allow applications with hand-carried or backpack application equipment.
Adequate soap, water, and towels must be at the mixing and loading site to immediately
wash off any spill from a person I s skin. If any paraquat is splashed on the lips or
mouth, the mouth should be immediately rinsed wi th water repeatedly for 10 minutes
without swallowing. If any paraquat is swallowed, the employee must be taken to a
physician immediately.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a moderate hazard to domestic animals, (2) a negligible hazard to bees,
(3) a low hazard to wild mammals, (4) a negligible hazard to birds, (5) a negligible
hazard. to fish, (6) a high potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, (7) a
high potential for phytotoxicity of nontarget crops; (8) a low potential for contamina-
tion of the water supply, and (9) a low potential for environmental persistence. The
use of this chemical must be in a manner that will minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
To avoid phytotoxicity and residues on crops used for food and fiber, paraquat spray
must not be allowed to drift to nontarget areas.
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TOK
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES F-9
TOK (a nitrophenyl ether) 1S effective in preventing the growth of certain weeds.
In the recent past, it was sprayed directly onto soil before or shortly after emer-
gence of (1) vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts,
horserad ish, onions', and sugar beets; (2) ornamental s such as roses, carnat ions, and
chrysanthemums; and (3) ground covers such as ivy and ice plant. Use was in farm
fields as well as in nurseries, in greenhouses, in fence rows, along roadsides, and
in ornamental plantings.
With proper handling, in accordance with label instructions, TOK had not been considered
a particularly hazardous product capable of causing significant ,acute illness. The
few acute illnesses that had occurred related to spills on the skin or inhalation of
significant amounts of the chemical in the aerosol form. Serious illness could be
expected ,to follow accidental or intentional ingestion of TOK. No long-term illnesses
or deaths are known to have occurred from exposure to this chemical.
During 1980, based on a series of laboratory animal studies, health concerns developed
regarding human exposure to TOK. At the National Cancer Institute, animal studies had
ehown this chemical to be capable of causing cancer. Animal studies by others had shown
TOK to be a mutagen and a teratogen. The potential for teratogenicity (damage to the
unborn child) is of the most serious concern. The defect is failure of the lung to
fully develop. Additionally, animal studies have shown this chemical to have a very
high absorption rate through the skin.
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Pregnant women should not have significant exposure to this chemical. Damage might
occur to the unborn child even before the woman knows she is pregnant. The very rapid
absorption rate contributes to the potential cancer hazard from the absorbed chemical.
There is concern that if any residues are present in crops, persons who eat those crops
would be at some risk of developing cancer.
In August 1980, TOK was taken off the market throughout the United States because of
the inability to devise adequate measures to mitigate the potential hazards to human
health. Registrations were not cancelled or suspended. The registrant is conducting
studies in California under permits as they attempt to develop new safety procedures.
Permits for such studies and the detailed use restrictions for each set of studies must
be approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , the California Department of
Food and Agriculture, and the local county agricultural commissioner. Each employee
who works with this chemical must be informed of its possible hazards and thoroughly
trained 1n the use procedures designed to mitigate those hazards.
Reviews of data during 1981 and 1982 from studies conducted in 1980 and 1981 might lead
to some approvals by the EPA and the state for some types of uses of this herbicide.
It is anticipated that any approved uses would require following very restrictive work
rules and the use of highly protective clothing and respirators.
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-733 Revised September 16, 1981
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CADMIUM
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES G-1
General Information: The Department recommends that no plans be made for the use of
pesticides conta1n1ng cadmium for the calendar year 1982; reevaluation of the few
remaining uses as a fungicide on turf have been completed with a, finding that these
uses should be cancelled because of the availability of safer alternate control methods,
including other pes'Ücides. This reevaluation received the proper public posting and
notification. It is asslUIled the cancellation action will be routine arid possibly will
be completed before January 1, 1982.
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The Department has determined that only complying with the label restrictions will not
adequately mitigate hazards of use, and it cannot recommend other measures that will.
Summary of the Reevaluation: On October 26, 1977, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) published a "Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration and Continued Registra-
tion of Pesticide Products Containing Cadmium" (RPAR) in the FederalRe~ister, Vol. 42,
No. 206, pages 56574-56581. The Department has reviewed the RPAR notice and its accom-
panying Position Document One, and, in addition, has reviewed and compiled a volume of
scientific articles pertaining to toxicological studies of cadmium compounds (Book
HS-70n. These documents are available to the public for examination. The following
1S a summary of the toxicological findings.
Since the observed adverse effects can be attributed to the cadmium ion (Cd++), the
results and interpretations apply to each of the pesticides in question which contain
cadmium chloride, cadmium sebacate, or cadmium succinate as an active ingredient.
Surveys of workers exposed on the job to cadmium (not in the form of pesticides) have
shown significantly higher rates of prostate cancer than is reported in the general
popu1at ion. After reviewing laboratory animal studies of carcinogenicity, the EPA
reported that the number of tumors in animals treated with cadmium was significantly
higher. They also concluded, that the human epidemiological data alone indicate that
cadmium pesticides pose an oncogenic risk. Several studies have concluded that workers
occupationally exposed to cadmium have sùffered from kidney damage.
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A University of Sydney study showed that exposure of mice to 10, 20, or 40 ppm of
cadmium in their drinking water throughout pregnancy resulted in various degrees of
fetal growth retardation. The new-born mice were severely anemic and smaller than
normal. Cadmium transfer across a human placenta to the fetus has been reported.
After reviewing numerous animal studies, the EPA report concluded that cadmium is
teratogenic in rats, mice, and hamsters. None of the studies which were reviewed
established a no-observable-effect level. Parenteral application of a very small
amount of cadmium chloride in test animals has induced destructive effects on testi-
cular tissue. This has been confirmed in testicular and ovarian t issues in several
species of animals.
The Cadmium Working Group of the EPA concluded that pesticide products conta1n1ng
cadmium met or exceeded the chronic risk criteria relating to oncogenicity and muta-
genicity; they were also concerned about animal test data showing teratogenicity
and fetotoxicity.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-738 Revised September 16, 1981
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About 10 years ago, the California Department of Agriculture took a position aimed at
gradually phasing out all uses of pesticides containing cadmium; this has now largely
been accomplished. This decision was based on the position that the potential for
adverse health effects from exposure to cadmium exceeded the benefits, plus the belief
that most, if not all, uses of cadmium as a fungicide had adequate, less hazardous
alternates.
The Department has examined the current usage of these products in California and
determined that: (1) no conventional agricultural use occurs, (2) no conventional home
and garden use occurs, (3) only rare uses as a fungicide on turf in parks and on gol f
courses still occur, (4) less hazardous alternate control chemicals are available, and
(5) all uses of this pesticide should be phased out. In recent years, annual use ,in
the entire state has not exceeded a few pounds. A survey of maintenance personnel of
major golf courses in large urban areas was conducted to determine the effects' of not
having cadmium fungicide for diseases of turf, and to determine alternatives available.
The available alternative chemicals include Act i-dione, chlorothalonil; thiram, Dyrene,
and benomyl. Most of those persons contacted stated that the alternative chemicals
have been used and are effective for the fungal infections of turf.
Cancellation actions are now under way.
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INORGANIC MERCURY
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES G-2
General Information: The Department recommends that no plans be made for the use of
pesticides containing inorganic mercury for the calendar year 1982. Reevaluation has
been completed of the few remaining uses on turf as a fungicide, with a finding that
these uses should be cancelled because of the availability of safer alternate control
methods, including' other pesticides. This reevaluation receÌ!ved appropriate public
posting and notification. It is assumed that the cancellation action will be routine
and possibly will be completed before January 1, 1982.
The Department has determined that only complying with the label restrictions will not
adequately mitigate hazards of use, and it cannot recommend other measures that will.
Summary of the Reevaluation: Toxic properties of inorganic mercurials have long been
recognized, primarily through their acute and chronic effects on man and animals.
Because of the difficulty in attempting to use pesticides containing inorganic mercury
in a manner that will be of minimal hazard to human health and the environment, the
Department initiated the action early in the i970's to phase out the use of all pesti-
cides containing inorganic mercury. This has now been largely accompl ished. The
Department has compiled a volume of scientific articles (including citations from
MEDLARS and TOXLINE searches) relative to toxicological studies of mercury compounds
(Book HS-80l). These and other pertinent publications reviewed by the staff are
available to the public for examination.
An extensive scientific and technical assessment of environmental and human exposure
hazards to mercurial pesticides was prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), concluding that soluble inorganic compounds of mercury were reported to be
irritating to the human skin and mucous membranes. This effect is marked with mercuric
chloride, which causes irritation, corrosion, and vesiculation of the skin and mucous
membranes at concentrations of 1 to 5%. More dilute solutions produce irritation to
sensitive skin, and mercuric chloride may be absorbed by the intact skin to the extent
of producing symptoms of poisoning. It is the risk of dermal exposure of users that is
of particular concern. Exposure can result in serious acute effects from damage to the
kidneys, the nerves, and the brain. One of the more frequent manifestations of chronic
inorganic mercurial poisoning in man is permànent personal ity' change. The condit ion
is characterized by irritability, bursts of temper, and excitability, sometimes alter-
nating with depression. Koos and Longo reviewed reported cases of mercury poisoning in
pregnancy and, evidenced by their animal studies, concluded that all mercury compounds
can cause fetal harm. Such toxic effect was highest with methyl mercury, lower with
metallic mercury, and lowest with inorganic mercuric compounds. Occupational exposure
to mercury compounds appears to be a major potential hazard for pregnant women. Mer-
curous chloride slowly decomposes by sunlight into mercuric chloride and metallic
mercury. A study by Gilmour and Miller on the fate of mercuric-mercurous chloride
fungicide added to turf grass and bare soil showed that about hal f of the total mer-
cury was lost to the environment through volatilization of metallic mercury from the
turf grass-soil system. The authors believed that dilution of volatile mercury by the
atmosphere diminishes the potential contamination of the surrounding environment. The
EPA report stressed, however, that through its natural circulation in the environment,
mercury contamination of the soil or the atmosphere will eventually result in water
and food residues.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, S'acramento, California 95814
HS-754 Revised September 16, 1981
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The Department has taken the position, following review of the EPA assessment and its
own review of the scientific literature, that it is very difficult to use pesticides
which contain inorganic mercury with adequate safety to man and the environment,
particularly when alternate control methods and chemicals are available.
The Department has determined that: (1) no convent ional agricul tural use of inorganic
mercurial pesticides now occurs, (2) no home and garden use of inorganic mercurial
pesticides now occurs, and (3) the only remaining use of inorganic mercurial pesticides
involves use of less than 100 pounds per year in the entire state aaa fungicide on
turf in city parks and/or on golf courses, primarily in Los Angeles.
A survey of the maintenance personnel of major golf courses in large urb{in' areas was
conducted to determine the effects of phasing out pesticides containing mercury or
cadmium. Most of those interviewed had found that the alternate chemicals to mercury
were efficient in controlling turf diseases in golf courses. These alternatives include
Act i-dione, chlorothalonil, thiram, Dyrene, and benomyl.
Cancellation actions are now under way against the inorganic mercury products still
registered.
It has been determined that there are not ,s ignificant use hazards for the low toxici ty
non-restricted aromatic mercury pesticides. and their registrations will be continued.
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CYANIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES B-1
General Information: This, leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing cyanide. Persons should not be per-
mitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training, in a language
they understand, by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service or an agency working under a
Fish and wildlife Service cooperative agreement. Employees who handle these pesticides
should be instructed as to the toxic nature of the chemical and the possibility of any
use hazard. Training should include general information available in the following
safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Trans-
portation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations.
Regulations require that this information be on file and readily available ,to workers
at all places of employment where cyanide is used. A cont inuing educat ion program
should be instituted to ensure that all workers have current knowledge of job hazards
and proper use procedures.
All pesticides containing cyanide registered for use in California are in toxicity
category one. Hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN) and calcium cyanide were, formerly used as
fumigants. However, the only pesticides containing cyanide now registered for use
in California are capsules of sodium cyanide, to be used only with the M-44 ejector
device for predator control. It is unlikely that liquefied HCN or calcium cyanide will
again be registered for use in California as they have been found to be too hazardous.
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Human Exposure and poisoning: Sodium cyanide is one of the most toxic and hazardous
pes ticides. It is a powerful, quick-acting poison. In man and other warm-blooded
animals, it induces asphyxiation by inhibiting the respiratory process, and thus pre-
vents the tissues from absorbing oxygen from the blood in the normal manner. Death
usually results from suffocation. The probability of chronic toxic effects seems to
be slight; the problem is to prevent acute effects.
Excessive absorption of cyanide may result in sudden unconsciousness and respiratory
arrest without warning symptoms. Lesser exposures cause headache, nausea, and a sense
of constriction in the throat, followed by apprehension and dizziness. More serious
intoxication is manifest by irregular respiration, thready pulse, unconsciousness, and
convulsions. Respiratory paralysis follows the seizures. Heart act ion often cant inues
after breathing has stopped. Vigorous treatment at this critical stage has saved some
victims of cyanide poisoning.
Use Precautions: Sodium cyanide is registered only in the form of capsules for use
with an approved ejector device (M-44). All applicators must be trained in the safe
handling of the capsules and the device, the necessity for and proper use of the
antidote kit, proper placement of the device, and the necessary record-keeping by the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The capsules and M-44 device must not be used by or
entrusted to any person not supervised or' monitored by the U. S. Fish and wildlife
Service ,or by any agency not working under a Fish and wildlife Service cooperative
,agreement.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products, containing
these chemicals should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to nontarget wild
mammals, (3) a moderate potential for contamination of the water supply, and (4) a
mod~rate potential for environmental persistence., The use of these chemicals must be
in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-616 Revised September 16, 1981
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SODIUM FLUOROACETATE (1080)
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES I-I
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing sodium fluoroacetate. Persons should not be
permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a language
they understand. Employees who mix or apply these pesticides should be instructed in
the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for
and use of protect ive equipment and protec tive clothing. Training should include
general information available in the following safety series leafl,ets: A-I, Interpre-
ting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-4, First Aid;
A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations
require that this informat ion be available to employees for reférence at all times.
Sodium fluoroacetate is a fine, white, odorless powder which is mixed with water to form
a liquid rodenticide. Grain baits are prepared with a lecithin-mineral oil emulsion. A
dye is added to the mixed bait which turns the grain yellow as a warning mechanism.
Sodium fluoroacetate is highly toxic through oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of
exposure. This material is on the restricted materials list because of the possibil-
ity of serious poisoning of nontarget species, including man; it is not now registered
for control of livestock predators.
Certain applications may be made only under the, direct supervision of the county agri-
cultural commissioner. Permits for use will be issued in such a way as to mitigate the
potential human exposure and environmental hazards described below.
Human Exposure and poisoning: This product must be handled very carefully. Once a
lethal dose of sodium fluoroacetate is absorbed into the blood, death is inevitable.
There is no practical antidote for poisoning resulting from exposure to sodium fluoro-
acetate; treatment is symptomatic. The first indications of poisoning, which appear in
15 to 45 minutes after ingestion, usually are nausea and mental apprehension, followed
by epileptic-like convulsions. After a period of several hours, the heart goes into
ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest, resulting in death. Death may also be due
to failure of the central nervous system. This material is rapidly absorbed by the
stomach and intestines if it has been swallowed, through cuts and abrasions on the skin,
and by breathing in the powder.
Precautions for Mixing Baits: Sodium fluoroacetate should be used only by well-trained
personnel. Workers should be cautioned to never use containers such as soft drink
bottles to store the prepared sodium fluoroacetate liquid. Accidental deaths have
occurred because the chemical had been stored in soft-drink bottles or in other drinking
containers.
NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirators should be worn when handling the concentrate material,
as well as rubber gloves and clean coveralls which should be changed each day. It is
extremely important to keep all skin abrasions and cuts adequately protected from the
concentrate or the prepared formulation. After handling concentrate and before eating,
smoking, or chewing gum or tobacco, workers should always wash the hands and forearms
with soap and water.
All spills of bait or concentrate should be immediately and thoroughly c1ea~ed up.
Workers should not allow containers of concentrate or prepared bait (prior to appl i-
cation) to be left unattended.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-79l Revised September 16, 1981
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Use Precautions for Bait Handlers:
All bags, sacks, or other containers should have the word "POISON" stenc iled or pr inted
directly on the package. This should be in addition to normal labeling requirements.
Toxic baits and concentrates should be stored in an adequately locked space at all
times when not in use. Such space should be entirely separate from where food or drink
for humans or domestic animals are kept or stored. All persons handling toxic baits or
concentrates should be made aware of the characteristics of the materials, the necessity
of using adequate protective clothing and devices such as impermeable gloves and/or
bait spoons for dispensing baits, the necessity for keeping all skin abrasions and cuts
adequately protected, the need for good personal cleanup procedures, the possibility
of poisoning wildlife and domestic animals by improper bait exposure, and the symptoms
of po isoning in man and recommended first aid if such symptoms occur. To prevent
accidental spillage of toxic grain, containers (including sacks, shoulder bags, and
saddle bags) should be so designed and in such repair that leakage or spillage does
not occur. Shoulder bags should be equipped with a zipper or other device for closing.
Equip saddle bags with either a zipper or a drawstring to facilitate quick closing.
Toxic bait accidentally spilled should be immediately and thoroughly cleaned up. ,Do not
leave containers or prepared bait unattended, or where it can be obtained by children,
irresponsible persons, or animals. Unused bait should be returned to the local agri-
cultural commissioner or disposed of in a Class 1 dump. Wash hands with soap and water
after handling poison baits and before eating or smoking.
Around dwellings, bait should be placed only in locations that will prevent pets and
children from coming into contact with it. The problem of "secondary poisoning" may
prohibit the use of 1080 in some situations as the amount of poison left in the carcass
of a rodent is often sufficient to kill a dog.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, ~specially dogs; secondary poisoning
can occur in canines that eat animals or animal carcasses that have been poisoned by
1080; (2) a negligible hazard to bees; (3) a high hazard to wild maT,lmals; (4) a negli-
gible hazard to birds; (5) a negligible hazard to fish; (6).a low potential for conta-
mination of the water supply; and (7) a low potential for environmental persistence.
The use of this chemical must be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on
the environment.
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STRYCHNINE
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PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES 1-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards
of use of pesticide products containing strychnine. Persons should not be permitted
to work with this èhemical until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who mix or apply strychnine or strychnine-treated bait should
be instructed in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility 'of any use hazard,
and the need for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training
should include general information available in the following safety information series
leaflet s: A-I, Interpret ing the Label; A-2, Container Storage, ,Transportation, and
Disposal; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Health and Safety
Regulations. Regulat ions require that this information be available to employees for
reference at all times.
Strychnine is a white crystalline powder with a characteristic bitter taste and a slight
odor. It is on the restricted materials list because of its potential to kill nontarget
species and the possibility of seriously poisoning people. Permits will be issued when
it is determined that the numbers of the following species in an area are a threat to
agriculture or public health: gopher, field mouse, ground squirrel, jackrabbit,
kangaroo rat, cowbird, linnet, blackbird, crowned sparrow, horned lark, and meadowlark.
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Human Exposure and poisoning Potential: Human poisonings due to strychnine are usually
intent ional ingest ions (suicide attempts) by adults or acc idental ingest ions by chil-
dren. Absorption potential through the skin is low; there is some hazard from inhala-
tion of the chemical in the pure powder form. Strychnine is highly toxic if taken by
mouth and acts very rapidly, usually producing symptoms within 30 minutes of ingestion.
Symptoms start as stiffness of the knees and muscle spasms of the arms and legs. These
early symptoms are followed by convulsions which may ultimately lead to death through
respiratory failure. General first aid recommendations are presented in Pesticide
Safety Information Series A-4. It must be noted, however, that attempts to cause
vomiting should not be made after symptoms are present since th is act ion itself may
start convulsion~ Bright lights and loud noises should be avoided as they may cause
convulsions; in fact, any movement of the patient may start convulsions.
Use Precautions for Preparing Baits: When preparing baits, it is extremely important
for the strychnine user to avoid skin contact or inhalation of the pesticide in the
dust form. Inhalation exposure may be minimized through utilization of an adequately
vented 3-s ided exhaust hood or personal respiratory protect ion equipment approved by
NIOSH/MSHA. For strychnine respiratory protect ion, the filters must bear the word ing
"for respiratory protect ion against dusts ~ving an air concentrat ion level not less
than 0.05 milligrams per cubic meter {mg/M)." Skin contamination may be minimized
through the use of rubber gloves and aprons. Mixing equipment, gloves, and hands should
be washed with soap and water after bait is mixed. After handling strychnine, users
must always wash hands and face before eating, chewing tobacco or gum, or smoking.
Use Precautions for Bait Handlers: All bags, sacks, and other containers should have
the word "POISON" stenciled or printed directly on the package. This should be in
addition to the normal label ing requirements. Toxic baits and concentrates should be
stored in an adequately locked space at all times when not in use. Such space should
be entirely separate from where food or drink for humans or domestic animals is kept
or stored. All persons handling toxic baits or concentrates should be made aware of
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Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-739 Revised September 16, 1981
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the characteristics of the materials, the necessity for using adequate protect ive
clothing and devices such as impermeable gloves and/or bait spoons for dispensing
baits, the necessity for keeping all skin abrasions and cuts adequately protected,
the need for good personal cleanup procedures, the possibility of poisoning of wildlife
and domestic animals by improper bait exposure, the symptoms of poisoning in man, and
recommended first aid if such symptoms occur. To prevent the accidental spillage of
toxic grain, containers (including sacks, shoulder bags, and saddle bags) should be so
designed and in such repair that leakage or spillage does not occur. Shoulder bags
should be equipped with a zipper or other device for closing. Equip saddle bags with
either a zipper or a drawstring to facilitate quick closing. Toxic bait accidentally
spilled should be immediately and thoroughly cleaned up. Do not leave containers or
prepared bait unattended or where it can be obtained by children, irresponsible persons,
or animals. Unused bait should be returned to the local agricultural commissioner or
disposed of in a Class 1 dump. Wash hands with soap and water after handling poison
baits and before eating or smoking.
A pest poisoning program should be designed to maXlmlZe the exposure of target pest
animals and to keep at a bare minimum the potential exposure of nontarget wild mammals
and birds, as well as domestic animals. It must also be done in such a way that
accidental exposure of persons, especially children, will not occur.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
strychnine should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards, includ-
ing: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to wild mammals, (3) a
high hazard to birds, (4) a low hazard to fish, (5) a moderate potential for contamin-
ation of the water supply, and (6) a moderate potential for environmental persistence.
This chemical must be used in such a manner as to minimize any adverse effect on the
environment.
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Unused bait should be returned to
a Class I dump. Wash hands with
eating or smoking.
the local agricultural commissioner or disposed of in
soap and water after handling poison baits and before
Environmental Considerat ions Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products qmtaining
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to wild mammals,
(3) a high hazard to birds, (4) a negligible hazard to fish, (5) a low potent ial for
contamination of the water supply, and (6) a low potential for environmental persis-
tence. The use of this chemical must be in such a manner as to minimize any adverse
effect on the environment.
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SODIUM ARSENITE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES J-l
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesticide
users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce hazards of
use of pesticide products containing sodium arsenite. Persons should not be permitted
to work with this ,chemical until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who mix, load, or apply these pesticides should be instructed
in the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need
for and use of protective equipment and protective clothing. Training should include
general information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpre-
ting the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportation, and Disposal; A-3, Use of Cl08p.,{
Systems; A-4, First Aid; A-5, Respiratory Protection; and A-6, Worker Healt-1. and Safety
Regulations. Regulations require that this information be available to employees for
reference at all times.
The one remaining registered agricultural use of this chemical is for a fungus disease
of grapevines. Application of this pesticide is to be made only in the winter season.
(Only a few hundred to a few thousand acres are treated annually.)
Human Exposure and Poisoning: Inorganic arsenic chemicals are highly toxic to man,
particularly if they are taken by mouth. They are less of a hazard on the skin or in
the eyes. Acute poisoning can result in serious illness a few hours after exposure.
The prominent symptoms are diarrhea and pain in the stomach area. There can be blood
in the urine. Severe poisoning can result in brain damage, with changes in speech and
behavior becoming obvious. Studies have shown that workers who have been exposed to
arsenic dust have a higher rate of lung cancer than unexposed workers; ,therefore,
exposure to sodium arsenite is considered to be a cancer hazard. For this reason,
workers must be adequately protected from breathing sodium arsenite spray or mist by
the use of a suitable respirator. Excessive skin exposure to sodium arsenite can
produce growths on the skin that may later become cancerous; for this reason, skin
exposure must be avoided by use of full-body protective clothing.
General Work Precautions: Employees who mix, load, or apply pes t icides containing
sodium arsenite must be instructed as to the need for and proper use of safety equipment
and protective clothing before they start to work with this pesticide.
Before starting the application process, employees must put on a rainsuit made of
neoprene or similar impervious material; it must include boots, pants (or coveralls),
a _ coat, gloves, and a washable hat. An approved respirator must be in place on the
face. Spray rig tanks may then be loaded with a liquid sodium arsenite solution.
Employees must use a closed system. While the application equipment is operating, all
required protective equipment must be worn continuously. Before removing any safety
equipment, the user must walk upwind away from the application equipment and the treated
area. The employer must supply adequate water at the work site for cleaning the skin,
contaminated protective clothing, and equipment. At the end of each day's work, the
employee must remove his protective clothing and bathe prior to putting on clean
clothing. Employers are to provide an area where this can be accomplished, as well as
adequate soap, water, and towels. If shower facilities ar.e not available at or near
the work site, employees must shower or bathe at home at the end of each work period.
The applicator must not be exposed to spray mist as his respirator cartridges will
beçome overloaded and nonprotective against this chemical within 1 hour. The use of a
boom sprayer that directs spray mist away from the applicator is recommended so·that a
tractor cab is not necessary to provide protection. If a speed sprayer or air blast
sprayer is used, the applicator must be inside a closed cab, wearing a respirator.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-594 Revised September 16, 1981
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Skin Protection: Employees must wear clean work clothing (under the rainsuit), supplied
daily by the employer. After handling or applying pesticides containing sodium arsenite
any time during the work period, employees must wash their hands, arms, and faces
thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, ~hewing gum, or using tobacco.
At the end of the work day, the entire body, including the hair, must be thoroughly
washed with soap and water.
Respirator~ and Eye Protection: Employers must provide employees protection from eye
exposure and inhalation of spray mists by supplying full-face respirators (or half-face
respirators and goggles) with appropriate cartridges or canisters approved by NIOSH or
MSHA for filtering out inorganic arsenic. Employees should be instructed to replace the
cartridges daily and to keep the mask clean. The 3-M Farm -Pesticide System has also
been found by Department of Food and Agriculture studies to be acceptable for this use;
the filter should be changed after 5 days of use, or sooner under adverse conditions.
Regulations. Some specific Department regulations that apply to the use of this pes-
ticide include the following:
The employer shall inform each employee who is to work with sodium arsenite that workers
with prolonged exposure to this chemical have had an increased incidence of cancer as
compared withnonexposed individuals.
Employees who mix, load, or apply sodium arsenite shall wear (1) boots, full-length
pants, coat, gloves, and hat all made of neoprene or similarly impervious material; and
(2) a respirator and cartridges or canisters approved by NIOSH to filter out inorganic
arsenic. Cartridges or canisters shall be changed daily or more often if specified by
NIOSH, the manufacturer, or the Department.
The employer shall provide, for employees who work with pesticides conta1n~ng sodium
arsenite, all necessary protective clothing, respirators, and clean outer clothing
(daily). Employees who work with pesticides containing s,odium arsenite shall be
instructed to remove all work clothing daily, and to completely wash all skin areas and
hair prior to putting on clean clothing. The employer shall be responsible for cleaning
or disposal of contaminated clothing and personal protective equipment. All clothing
and equipment to be removed from the work area shall be collected by the employer in an
appropriately labeled impervious container which shall be sealed prior to removal from
the area. The person or firm who washes or decontaminates this clothing and equipment
shall be informed by the employer of the hazards of working with sodium arsenite.
For 60 days subsequent to application, employees walking into a vineyard treated
with sodium arsenite shall wear neoprene boots, or boots giving similar protection.
Employees who may have hand or body contact with the soil or portions of the vines
which have been treated shall wear neoprene gloves, or gloves giving similar protection.
Sodium arsenite shall be applied only when the air temperature in the shade is less
than 85°F.
Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the s ignificance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestiè animals, (2) a negligible hazard to bees, (3) a
moderate hazard to wild mammals, (4) a negligible hazard to birds, (5) a low hazard
to fish, (6) a negligible potential for excessive residue on nontarget crops, (7) a
moderate potential for contamination of the water supply, and (8) a moderate potential
for environmental persistence. This chemical must be used in such a manner as to
minimize any adverse effect on the environment. Persons considering requesting permits
to use this fungicide should be made' aware that satisfactory and safe alternates are
being developed and, in some cases, are proving to be quite efficacious; a formulation
of dinitrophenol is' one such product. Sodium arsenite shòuld be used only as a last
resort. Users should also be aware that a number of wineries will not knowingly
buy grapes from a vineyard if an arsenical pesticide has been used that season. '
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AVITROL
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES K-l
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users) including pest control operators and their employees) on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing Avitrol. Persons should not be permit-
ted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a language they
understand. Employees who mix or apply these pesticides should be instructed in the
toxic nature of the' chemical) the possibil ity of any use hazard) and the need for and
use of protect ive equipment and protect ive clothing. Training should include general
information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I) Interpreting the
Label; A-2) Container Storage) Transportation) and Disposal; A-4) First Aid; and A-6)
Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information be
available to employees for reference at all túnes.
Avitrol is a bird management chemical registered for use as a flock frightening repel-
lent. It is sold either as a white crystalline powder to be mixed with grain) corn
chops) or bread pieces) or as a premixed bait. Treated bait is app~ied along with
untreated bait so that only a few birds in the flock ingest the chemical. The affected
birds emit distress cries and frighten the other birds in the flock. This chemical is
restricted to prevent indiscriminate use on nontarget pest birds.
Human Exposure and poisoning Potential: Mammals appear to be somewhat sensitive to the
effects of Avitrol. In test animals) the following signs and symptoms are noted after
being fed high levels of this chemical: hyperexcitability) salivation) tremors, muscu-
lar uncoordination) and convulsions) followed by heart or respiratory failure and
death. Init ial effects occur quite rapidly if this material is ingested. No human
illnesses due to Avitrol have been reported in California.
Use Precautions for Mixing Baits: It is important for the user to prevent skin con-
taminat ion while mixing po ison baits. Respirators or dust masks may be necessary if
suitable hoods with substantial exhaust capability are not available. Rubber gloves
and aprons should be worn to avoid such exposures. Always mix this chemical in a
well ventilated area.
While preparing baits that are not premixed) the user should not allow the hands to
contact the face. Eat ing, chewing tobacco or gum, and smoking should be prohibited
during the mixing operation. Gloves and hands should be washed with soap and water
after bait is mixed.
Use Precautions for Bait Handlers: Prepared baits and concentrate material should be
stored in an adequately locked space at all times when not in use. Such space should
be entirely separate from where food or drink for humans or domestic animals is kept or
stored. All persons handling prepared baits or concentrate material should be advised
as to the characteristics of these materials) the necessity for using adequate protec-
tive clothing and devices, the necessity for keeping all skin abrasions and cuts
adequately protected, the possibility of inadvertent poisoning of wildlife and domestic
animals by improper bait exposure, the symptoms of poisoning in man, and recommended
first aid if such symptoms occur. Toxic bait accidentally spilled should be immedi-
ately and thoroughly cleaned up. Do not leave containers or prepared bait unattended,
or where it can be obtained by children, irresponsible persons, or animals. After
þapdling poison baits, wash hands with soap and water before eating or smoking.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento) California 95814
HS-928 Revised September 16, 1981
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Environmental Considerations Other Than Hazards to Man: Users of products containing
this chemical should be aware of the significance of other environmental hazards,
including: (1) a high hazard to domestic animals, (2) a high hazard to wild mammals,
(3) a high hazard to nontarget birds, (4) a low hazard to fish, and (5) a moderate
potential for environmental persistence. This chemical must be used in a manner that
will minimize any adverse effect on the environment.
The control of birds with the use of toxic baits should be done only when the agricul-
tural commissioner determines that such toxic bait may be used safely. There must be
adherence to laws and regulat ions governing protected and migratory bird spec ies. '
Baiting should not be done unless tests indicate satisfactory bait. acceptance in areas
to be treated. Bait should be chosen on the basis of selectivity as well as ~cceptance
value. Quantities of toxic bait exposed should be regulated so that residual bait will
not present a hazard to nontarget species. All accidentally spilled bait must be
cleaned up immediately.
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STARLICIDE
PESTICIDE SAFETY INFORMATION SERIES K-2
General Information: This leaflet is appropriate for providing information to pesti-
cide users, including pest control operators and their employees, on how to reduce
hazards of use of pesticide products containing Starlicide. Persons should not be
permitted to work with this chemical until provided with adequate training in a langu-
age they understand~ Employees who mix or apply this pesticide should be instructed in
the toxic nature of the chemical, the possibility of any use hazard, and the need for
and use of protect ive equipment and protective clothing . Training should include gen-
eral information available in the following safety series leaflets: A-I, Interpreting
the Label; A-2, Container Storage, Transportat ion, and Disposal; A-4, Firs t Aid; and
A-6, Worker Health and Safety Regulations. Regulations require that this information
be available to employees for reference at all times. '
Starlicide is an avicide used to control starlings and blackbirds. The toxicity of
Starlicide varies considerably among bird species. Starlings, redwinged blackbirds,
and crows are among the mos t susceptible birds; house sparrows and 'hawks are quite
resistant. Starlicide is registered only for the control of blackbirds and starlings.
At higher dosage, however, it will kill pigeons, linnets, and other seed- and fruit-
eating birds,so care should be used in placing baits. It is not toxic to meat-eating
birds, such as hawks and eagles.
Starlicide is a selective toxicant which acts on the renal tubules of the kidneys of
seed- and fruit-eating birds, and causes death due to renal failure. It does not have
this action in meat-eating birds or mammals, including man. The toxic action of
Starl icide in birds is slow and apparently painless. In starlings, the time between
ingestion and death ranges from 3 to 50 hours, depending on the a~ountingested.
It is not possible to reduce the time of death to less than 3 hours. Toxic symptoms
include listlessness, inactivity, and slightly increased and difficult breathing.
Death occurs without convulsions or spasms, and is the result of generalized circula-
tory impairment of , the liver, kidney, and, to some extent, the brain, leading to
massive uremic poisoning and congestion of the major organs. At death, victims usually
have their feathers fluffed and feet tucked inside the feathers of the lower breast.
The abdomen will be found to have many uric acid crystals. Starlings metabolize the
compound completely within 3 hours, and the metabolites are completely excreted by this
time. These metabolites are nontoxic. All are excreted while the bird is still alive,
and there is no secondary toxicity to predators eating dead birds.
Human Exposure and Poisoning Potential: This pesticide is a restricted material
because of possible hazard to nontarget species; the hazard to man is negligible. All
mammals, including man, are fairly resistant to the toxic effects of Star1icide. Very
large doses in animals, however, are toxic, and exert their effect by depressing the
central nervous system. No human poisonings were reported to California state
officials between 1975 and 1980.
Use Precautions: Since the product has a low hazard for workers, no special precau-
tions need be taken except to protect the eyes from possible exposure. The chemical is
not significantly absorbed through the skin; ordinary washing with soap and water is
sufficient.
Worker Health and Safety Unit
California Department of Food and Agriculture
1220 N Street, Sacramento, California 95814
HS-917 Revised September 16, 1981
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Environmental Concerns: This product has negligible hazards of use in the environment
except to seed- and fruit-eating birds when they eat food treated with Starlicide.
Baits must be carefully placed to avoid killing birds other than those classified as
being pests.
The control of crop depredating birds with the use of toxic baits should not be done
except in areas where the agricultural commissioner determines such toxic bait may be
used safely. There must be adherence to laws and regulations governing protected and
migratory bird species. Baiting should not be done unless tests indicate satisfactory
bait acceptance in areas to be treated. Bait should be chosen on the basis of selec-
tivity as well as acceptance value. Quantities of toxic bait exposed should be
regulated so that residual bait will not present a hazard to nontarget species. All
accidentally spilled grain bait must be cleaned up immediately.
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ATTACHMENT' A
CALIFO NIA STATE COLLEGE, BAKERSFIELD
Action Plan
For
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July 1981
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Many chemical substances in contemporary usage can be considered
as potentially hazardous because of their characteristic qualities I
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These substances¡
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in any form, - can generally be safely stored, handled, and used if
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their physical and chemical properties, particularily hazardous I
properties, are fully understood. and the necessary precautionsl
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including the use of proper procedural safeguards and personal
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The Hazardous Waste I
Management and Chemical Safety P~ogram for the California State
Action Plan for
Hazardous Waste Management
and Chemical Safety
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INTRODUCTION
of
toxicity,
reactivity,
and/or
flammability.
protective
equipment,
are
observed.
COllege, Bakersfield campus is designed to ensure the availability
and standardization of safe practices for handling all types of
potentially
procurement
hazardous materials, as well
to consumption .._C?.!..:..:.~iisposal_._ _'.
as other chemicals, fr~m
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The purpose of the i
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materials appearing
lists fall within
on
a safe, and pleasant working environment for
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In this context, all hazardous I
either State or Federal regulatory agency
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purview of the following procedures. Oth~r
be purchased, dispensed and .disposed ofl in
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program 1s to
both students
provide
and
employees.
the
chemicals
should
also
accordance with-the provisions o~this program.
II. RECENT CSB PRACTICE IN THE ~~AGEMENT OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
Prior to the implementation of this Hazardous Waste Management and
Chemical Safety Program at CSB, the general procedures used
acquisition and management of chemical materials on campus were as
~or
I
I
-' 1.
:"\§i~t~" _
.;.::.-:.-' .~, -.
,:,·~·ff;D.~::,:, :,::::-'
0-, _ _ .
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follows: 1
- - - .....
-} . i
A. Procurement
j - J ~
. ' ! .-¡¡ ~-
¡ -;¡ -
--. .. -
.,-
Hazardous substances were purchased by individual College units'
and the CSB Foundation as required for specific activities.
Established College (State) procurement procedures were
followed. In some cases larger quantities than needed might be
ordered to effect overall cost savings. The, Public Safety
Department, because of its assigned responsibility for campus
environmental health and safety, was occasionally consulted
when specific purchasing questions, problems or restrictions
were encountered.
¡,
I:·
Currently holaing a total of about 700 different che~icals, the
Chemistry Department has probably been purchasing the greatest
number of potentially _hazardous substances within the College.
Other science departments and the Fine Arts Department have
purchased a much smaller number of such substances. Plant
Operations has made limited procurements, but often in bulk
amounts (solvents for shops,' chlorine for the swimming pools,
etc.).
B. Storage
Hazardous substances storage has most frequently been provided
for in individual College laboratories and shops. These
facilities generally meet or exceed minimum fire and
vfntilation safety standards, and such applications have
normally involved storing only the small quantities of
materials required for particular activities.CSB shop areas
have included' specific facilities for flammable solvents, if
appropria,te. The Chemistry Department has had available
specially-equipped storage" areas and a fire safety room for
bulk solvents and hazardous chemicals. A roofed and fenced
exterior repository has also been provided as an additional
I-
. ~"'.
2.
I
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....-. ~.
....
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',. .
. -
, .
pr~caution.
,-
C.. Handling
Hazardous substances have -been Jispensed for
laboratorylactivity/maintenance purposJs as required for each
,
,
particular function and student and! College personnel advised
\ -
of safe practices for handling the¡ individual materials by the
[
I
!
instructor or supervisor.
D. Disposal
I
!
-I
I
are consumed or changed during their use and
I
become "waste" materials. Nearly all of the
I
,
within! College facilities have
I
city Isewer system or via trash
I
a significantly hazardous nature
I
i
j
I
i
CHEMICAL SAFETY PROGRAM
Most
chemi cal s,
therefore
never
related by-products generated
been disposed o~ through the
dis posal. Chemical wast es of
have simply not been accumulated.
III. THE NEW HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
!
I
I
I
In compliance with the requirements of the Chancellor's office
¡
memorandum FSA 81-06, with the mandat~s of various recent State
-. -and F'ederal--statutes and regulations, i and with the normal
- ---, ------------ ---- I
,
obligations of a public agency desiroùs of mounting an effective
environmental health and safety program, CaJ.ifornia State College,
I
Bakersfield has now established a newi emphasis on the management
of chemical supplies and the control jOf possibly hazardous
,
The elements lof the camP\lS
for ~ecognition of this emphasis are I summarized i~
I
I
I
!
I
I
ChemJlcal
Conhrol
I
I
I
I
by-products
and- wastes.
action pla.n
the following
paragraphs.
A. Organization
The Hazardous Waste Management and
be coordinated by the Chemical
Safety Program will
Subcommittee of the CSB
3.
, -,
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: - ~-. - - - .. ~.
. -
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- -
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.'. ,,,:,.
Environmental Heal tli and' Safety ,Adv isory Committee. The
~tMlcture : of- ithe ,Subcommittee is - depicted in Fig. 1.
,ResponsibÜitie.~ of _the- èhemical_ ControlSubcomm1ttee include:
- ...~ f if ~-.." : ~ ¿- .. ~..""- . - ..-
1- Functioning as consultant on 'problems of chemical handling
and related health and safety concerns
,
2. Developing and maintaining an appropriate library of
reference materials, complete with a published catalog
3. Monitoring the purchase of chemical substances through the
Procurement Office
~. Developing and maintaining a computer-based inventory of
all chemical substance~ on campus, including indexing to
\
OSHA, EPA, DOT, and other pertinent regulatory information
5. Coordinating plans for dispensing hazardous materials and
other chemicals from "safe" storage sites in necessary
minimum amounts where required for immediate use by college_
departments and for return of excess or surplus quantities
to storage.
6. Developing procedures for classifying excess and--noIl::':l~J>le_:_:=-=.::=--.__
chemical substances as waste, for packaging and/or storing
such materials according to Federal, State and local
regulations, and for contracting with commercial disposal
companies for pic~p of these waste materials.
Representatives to the Chemical Control Subcommittee from the
natural sciences, the Fine Arts Department, and Plant
Operations are responsible to the Subcommittee and to their
respective supervisors for organizing and monitoring recognized
chemical safety program activities within their individual
pu."'Views.
4.
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Figure 1
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CSB Organization for Implementation of Hazardous Waste Management
and Chemical Safety Program
I .1
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, ..:.". "., " ,." " ,..
I
;,
! .
College
President
*Subconunittee Membership:f
1. Natural sciences Repre-
:1 -
sentative (ap~oi~ì,.,ed by
A.& S. Dean) ':
Fine Arts Representative
(appointed by A.& S. Dean)
Plant Operations ,epre-
sentative (appoin~ed by
Director of Physi~al Plant)
,
Public'Safety ReP1.,esentative
(appointed by DirTctorl '
Procurement Representative
(appointed by pro~urem~nt
Offi~~r) . ¡I ' '
Personnel Office ,epresenta-
tive (appointed by Personnel
Officer,) \
7. Other Representatives
(appointed by apptopriate
.administrator, if necessary)
2.
Executive 3.
Dean
4 .
5.
,: Environmental
Health and Safety
Advisory Committee
6 .
¡
Chemical Control
Subcommittee*
,.-----.--.~--------~-.----.- -,--~._-,.- -.--..- -, --..-.--.---- _._-..--.-~,_. ---- -..
I
Nat~ral
Sciences
Dep!artments
. .,'
Fine Arts
Department
f'
/
. -------.-------.-------------.--.-. --~--_.__. ---~~------
Plant Operations
Department
Other Appropriate
CSB Departments
5.
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The Chemical Control - Subcom~ittee will meet on a regular
monthly basis to review program activity, - discus~ special
,-
problems, and-assure that all responsibilities are being met.
-,
-.
Staff support for the Chemical Support Subcommittee will be I
provided by the Director of Public Safety, who' is the i
I
I
(acting)campus Environmental Health and Occupational Safety :
i
Officer. Under the Director's delegated authority, various I
I
members of the Public Safety Department staff will be assigned I
appropriate EROS regulatory or service duties. i
I
I
,I
I
!
The role of the Public Safety Department in the Hazardous Waste
Management and Chemical Safety Program is dual: 1) to provide
'necessary consulting assistance to the academic and maintenance
departmental - representatives on the Chemical Control
\
rev iewing
i
i
to act as the local auditing agency f:or
I
I
effectiveness. The first function chiefly" i
i
and orientation efforts aimed at acquainting!
- !
the campus community with the need for and provisions of the
I
I
program, while the second requi~es regular spot checks to
ensure that maximum standards for retention of hazardous wastes
and
2)
Subcommittee;
involves
program
training
are not exceeded and that disposal practices are consistent
with legal mandates.
-,---~_.~- -- -.-
--~-~'-'-------~ .-------
The Personnel Office will carry the primary responsibility for
organizing and coordinating formal training efforts required by
the Hazardous Waste ~anagement and Chemical Safety Program.
B. Process
Certain defined procedures and relationships will be recognized
as part of the CSB Hazardous Waste Management and Chemical
Safety Program. These will include:
1. Procurement
continue to
Purchasing of chemical substances
be carried out through the College
\
will I
Procurement
6.
I
-.,
,jJ(f~.~X~j}ð;~~~6;l,.':·.',
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Office. at' the instance of' the . appropriate campus units..
However; the Chemical Control Subco~1t tee. .~'representat1 ve '
for that un1twill review each pUriåhase'~eq~est (Form 5) to
- i I; '., .::-" _',~ ,_".;" _
assure that the quantity and packaging of~ each substance
ordered is consistent with both campus requirements and the
constraints of this safety program. If a Materiåls Safety
Data Sheet is required and 1s not on file, the Form 5 should
include that information for attention by the Procurement
Office.
2. Storage and Distribution
Most of the chemical substances
received by the College will be delivered directly to the
requesting unit. Upon arrival, each will be inspected by
the Chemical Control Subcommittee representative to assure
agreement with the purchase request ,and the immediate input
\
by that representative of accurate data into the master
chemical control computer file~ Storage will then be in
appropriately controlled facilities within the purview of
the unit. In some instances chemical substances required by
more than one College unit may be ordered in quantity and
delivered to a central storage point; the Chemical Control
Subcommittee representative(s) will coordinate repackaging
and/or, distribution, particularly any necessary
sub-reporting for the computerized data file.
3. Excess materials -- Excess chemicals and hazardous materials
acquired or generated by a particular College unit should be '
moved to another campus storage site for redistribution or
disposal
\
Chemical
only through the coordination of the appropriate
Control Subcommittee representative. Again,
information on such moves is to be used for modification of
the computer data file.
11. Waste Disposal Chemical,; substances will be classified as
waste only of they can no longer be used by the College or
some other agency to which they might have been transferred.
7.
,-
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packaged
the State
and cataloged following
Department of Health
ther handling will
chemicals villbe
lations established by
the Federal EPA and DOT.
~ter1als which have become unsafe
also be classifièd as:waste.
The--chart.. -in -Fig. 2
----~--_. ~_..-
the Chemical Control
An outside hazardous waste hauler, wfll be placed under
contract to remove and dispose of ~he wastes if necessary.
I - .
Once a chemical substance is classified as waste, the State
I
of Califòrnïa allows storage at thel generating f-acUity for
up to 60 days while the Environmen~al Protection Agèncy
allows up to 90 days. Storage in I excess . of this time
I
necessitates a Facilitiès Storage Pehmit. An Environmental
,
I
Impact Report '. (EIR) is required fori such a permit. At this
time, CSB does not have a storage I facility to meet the EIR
I
Since constructing suchl a facility would
represent a substantial, cost, the Cþemical Control
ì
,
Subcommittee must. assure that all wrstes are disposed of
withiñ the required time limits. . Ai Waste Generator Number
I
is required if thefacllity generat!es more than 1,000
!
I
kg/month (2,205 lb.) of waste or more
i
,
lb.) of "listed" materials (Fed. reg.
ì
The Chemical Control Subcommittee wi[l obtain a Waste
I
Generator Number should circumstances require such action.
I
!
!
depicts the flow pro!cess to be coordinated by
I
Subcommittee thrOUgh! the procurement,
"
requirement.
than 1 kg/month (2.2
261.32 e, pg. 33124).
5. Monitoring:
redistrirtiOn.
,
I
and disposal
receipt, dispensing, utilization,
stages.
..
,
a. Computer
File
Maintenance
As [has been indicated at
plan, th~ Chemical Control
I
I
the re,ponsibility of
comput1r file containing
type'.1 quantity, location,
any) , and Stiate or Federal catalog.
several points in this
Subcommittee has accepted
.maintaining an interactive
current information on the
l
, .
r
I
expiration
date
(if
8.
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,
,
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Vendor
Procurement
Office
Bulk
Storage and
Distribution
, Chemical
Control
Subcommittee
/'
Çollege
Unit(s)
Redistribution
Site(s)
.~. .
Excess or
Waste
Chemicals
I
I
I
,
i
I
Other
Agencies
Figure 2
Chemical Control Subcommittee
Management of Hazardous Materials
9.
,¡
..=:.
-, --
~. ~ :-.."'~..--- .,-.. -': - ~~~....-..'.
'~'" "f/\~· ~ '., ,.~:~~,'~\':,:- t '
... ,,--"-- -'>_"'- "._ i
..' . F·9¡S~f'
..
- -
..
referenc
-: (it åñy)
of 811
chemical
, ,
,
substances hEÙd" 'on"
..
campus.
Chemical
Control
Subcommittee
representatfves-: ,I
'J ".
will prrv1de input for that file to assure that '1~~~--
contents, are regularly - updated arid thus reflect :the
actual ~status of the substances in questiori.
Periodic lly, the Public Safety Officè will interrogate
..
the data file to produce a list of those chemicals which
I
have becbme subject to waste disposal action.
I
,
I
b. Site Revlew -- The Public Safety Department will employ a
I
hazardou!s materials safety checklist - developed by: the
I
Chemical! Control Subcommittee to make a monthly review of
the Colilege premises; problems observed will be reported
I
I
to the I Executive Dean for discussion with the
I ___
Subcomm~ttee and for administrative attention.
6. Training:
I
a. Generalilzed
i
I
limited ¡coverage of chemical hazards in its regular staff
i
lecture ¡series on protecting the campus environment.
,
I
i
i
b. Special~zed
i
program i of intensive training-- in hazardous materials
!
handling for appropriate campus
custodians, groundsworkers, science
The tr~ining will be offered on
basis, ¡and the presenters will be
the fie]d. Records of attendance and
I ;
be maintained. '
I
I
I
7. Reference IMaterials
I
Sheets will be maintained by CSB
i
required qy law; at a minimum, these
I
Public Saf¡ety Department, the Plant Operations Department,
I
I
the Science Stockroom, and the College Library. The Public
I
I
I
I
I
The
Public
Safety
Department
will include
The
Personnel
Office
will
arrange
a
employees (e.g.,
stockroom employees).
a regularly-scheduled
qualified experts
course content will
in
Files
of
necessary
Materials
Safety
Data
departments
will be_ hel d
as
in
the
10.
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Safety Department and the Executive Dean will coòrdinate the
development . and updating of MSDS f1les~ Thes'~ same offices
will bè responsible for assuring that current information on
. .
(California) General' Industrial Safety' Orders 'is posted in·
Plant'Operations and the Science Building stockroom:. -
"
C. Budget Considerations
I
i
institutions, most of the program functions \
are coordinated by some sort of ~hemical safety I
¡
·1
I
tasks. CSB, with its very limited budgetary resources, is not I
in a fiscal situation where such a personnel commitment is I
feasible. No specific allocation of State monies is provided
for the support of environmental health ~d safety programs,!
!
a¡
!
i
I
I
,
i
awkward in application and burdensome I
i
j
¡
The Public Safety Department, which must
¡
At larger CSU
outlined above
officer
occupying
dedicated
position
especially
to
such
a
and
subseq~ently
funding such
has great difficulty finding
a relatively expensive
commlttee approach described
small
a
campus
"bootleg"
source
for
professional activity.
herein, while admittedly
Thus
the
for
staff
involved, must ,suffice
some
bu dge tary
the
until
relief
1s
afforded.
serve as the staff focus for program activities,
particularly onerous workload under--such circumstances.
carries
ai
I
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.-- ----~ -+- --
11.
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-
In addition' to an unfunded new staff workload, the
implementation· of this Hazardous ,Wàste, Manàgement .and ChemicB.1.
. 'I <.
I,'
Safety Program was estima,ted to involve the following equipment.
and operating expense outlay for FY 1981-82 alone:
.1.tem.
. Estimated
FY 1981-82
~
Computer Disk Pack
Supplies for Waste Disposal
Waste Disposal Contractor
$300
$200
$200
Total
\
, $700
Any such expenditures for current years also have to be met
from existing scarce resources, since no special budget
provisions are made to support the or~oing costs of hazardous
materials management.
,
,
12.
. . - -'~.. .,TO
"__':1<;- - -~ =-'~_ -·.-Attªc}µnêIlt-:'B.~.'~/-'c- , ,.r:::T
. ' - ~, >ë. . -',:~ '~,~~. :-.:.,~ .-' =: :~:;_:.:~'
.'" _:i -r-:.
FIRE ~ROTECTIONAN~ SAFETY INSPECTION RfPORT. . . CALlF~RNIAsTA~ COi.I.E~E.B~,~:~;7~~~·L .. . .
'BUILDING:' -.', : ,. ' . -I ' " FLOOR: , . or "NOT APPUCABLE" (NA) _.
NOTE: Ch!!Ck' each item either "SATISFACTORY" (OK), 'NOT SATISFACTORY" (NS), or :'N9T APPLICABLE" (Np,)
~""'" -....--..-- .~;;......-.'..---~~---~-- .
__ -'0-. .,_
, " -" ,.
..
"
~-;~~. '. -. '.
- -"
",
A. GENERAL PREMISES .. OK NS N/A
,
1 Housekeeping
2, Floors (holes-water-òil-uneven loose tiles)
3, Stairs (slippery-railings secure-~ighting)
4, Exits (sigm;-no! locked or blocked, lighted)
5, Elevators (ooor safety bar, ventilation, lighting)
6, Hallways/aisles (storage-..carts, wheel chairs)
7, Outside Itgl1!!ng
8, Outside premIses
9, Storage (100 l1igh, stacks not secure)
B. ELECTRICAL OK NS N/A
1, Elecrical eQUIpment grounded (other)
2, Extension cords (damaged, 3 per outlet maximum)
3, Electrical panels locked
4, Electrical equipment undamanged (hOusings,
conauit¡
5, Plates on outiets
6, Cords/Wires exposed (sl1ock, trip hazard)
7, Emergency power system (regularly tested)
C, FIRE PROTECTION OK NS N/A
1, Fire extingiJIsMr (proper type, tagged, condition)
2, Fire hosE' I rotting, cuts, nozzle plugged)
3, Automatic SPrinklers (valves must be open)
. - - -~- .. _.
. 4, All finf'eqffip1T1-enrmusrt>Ervisible;-not blocked
5, Fire doors (900d working condition, notbiocked
open)
6, Do employees know fire emergency procedure?
7, Are electrical panels accessible? Switches marked?
8. No smoking SIgns posted, rules observed
-
9, Do employees know how to use fire equipment?
, ,
D, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OK NS N/A
1, X-ray film storage (m~t be safety film)
2, Radioaca\ive materia\~ (supervised used. storage, .
signs)
3, Hazardous material inventory (waste)
4, Flammable liquid storage (room, cabinet. safety cans)
5, Flammable liquids dispensing and use (ventilation,
glass containers. static)
6. N9 smoking/flame within 25 ft. flammable liquids
7, Chemicals (storage cabinet, safe handling, use)
secu re
8, Spray booth and paint shop clean (no smoking)
9. Oxygen/gasses (no smoking, chained, separated)
10. Vent, hoods functioning properly
11, Hot grease (clean stove, filters, hood, vents)
12. Hazardous material signs
E, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT OK NS N/A
1, Adequate guarding (hot and moving parts)
2, Warning signs, directions, floor markers
3, Autociaves (warning signs, pressure relief) -
4. Hand tools (worn, otherwise defective)
5, Welding (lire extinguisher available)
6 General condition - maintenance
7, Safety/emergency shut-of1 switches
8, Safety lock-out devices
9, Safety Sl1owers/eye wash station
-
F. UNSAFE PRACTICES OK NS N/A
1, Wearing safety equipment (glasses, face shields,
aprons, gloves)
2, Loose: clothing around machinery
3, Prope:r ventil~tion for .work performed "
4. Making safetY\:!!1viceS inoperative
5."Report i,njuries to supervisor -
6, Using defective tools or equipment
7. Floor cleaning and waxing - ladders
8, Improper lifting and carrying of material
-
EACH ITEM MARKED "NOT SATISFACTORY" MUST BE EXALAINED IN DETAIL.
, I,
- REMARKS. RECOMMENDATIONS, AND DISPOSITION ARE]fO BE ENTERED ON THE REVERS~ SIDE.
.. .,~. SIGNATURE (1"'"0010\1. .', ".' ....' .,
FSR - 1 P
(Date)
"c"."".~" _:"':_' '_ _ ~_ "__ _ _ _ _ _
~~:~~}t~tÞ~~~r.~~~~·
- .. " .~ -
:,~.~~lg·~~~t~~ ::2.;;\?{:;.~ .'
-. -" -~". -- -~ :-;-..;::--.' -= ".:- ,. -~ .'
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From , BRIAN
Dept.
Subject: LICENSING EXEMPTION FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
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To 'DR ~ KENNETH: SECOR -.:'c:'~. .,
Dean for Administråtio
Date
NOVEMBER 26,' 1984'
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cc: Dr. Al Tanabe
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Pursuant to those concerns expressed during our H.M.A.C. meeting
on 11-21-84, the following is submitted for your review.
In response to Finding #4, recommendation F of the draft audit"
dated lO-15~84 I contacted the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Licensing Division in Washington, D.C. and State Radiological
Health Services Physicist Dr. Ben Kapell. It was subsequently
determined that our supplier of radioßctive materials, New England
Nuclear, possesses an exempt license for the distribution of those
materials we use. Those materials:
A. L-Amino Acid (Tritium)
B. Heavy_ Water
C. ~lucose (C-14)
are all below the established licensing concentration of 1000
microcuries.
In response to the suggestion for a written waiver, neither the
State of California nor the NRC issue said waivers for the
materials and amounts we use. Said waiver and-exemption. -is
implicit in C.A.C. Title 17, Section 30180 C.24 arid-·-ë---:F---:R. -Þã.j:·F~-
32.18. If you have additional questions or if I may be of further
assistance, please call.
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'iMemorandum
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To : Dean Secor
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Nåv~ '28/1984.
cc'
, A. Tanabe
. T. Murphy
eM. Dutton
, S. Roberts
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From
.R.Coash, Dean, A&S
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Draft Audit ~eport on Hazardous Materials Management at CSB
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You have ind~cated that yOU have worked out, with Al Tanabe,
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responses to [most of the items cited in which we seem to need
changes in o~r operations. For your information, I am
,appointing A~ Tanabe as the person in charge for the School
of Arts and Sciences, not only to monitor our progress and
operation, bJt to assume responsibility for actual storage,
,inventory, a~d review of purchases, as well as receipt of
ma teria Is. ¡
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With regard to security of materials and keying arrangements,
Mr. Tanabe h~s informed me of his plans, during the coming
month of Dec~mber to separate and move all'hazardous materåals
stored for tHe science areas to a separate room - Sçi. 140.
We will requ~st a separately keyed lock for the door to this
room, as wel] as to the adjacent room - Sci. 139, in which the
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flammable materials are stored. Keys to these two rooms will
be restricted to Mr. Tanabe and his tech assistant, Annette Hinds,
myself, and the chairs of the departments of Biology, Chemistry,
Health Sciendes, and Physics/Geology as listed above.
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If there are lother items in which you need our assistance or
cooperation, ¡please let me know.
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